Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
32 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2025-07-29
2026-07-20
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Participants will be recruited from randomly selected fitness centers in Istanbul and categorized into exercise-dependent and non-dependent groups using the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21). Musculoskeletal symptoms will be assessed using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk will be evaluated using the SCORE Risk Assessment System, which considers factors such as blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels. The Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) will also be applied to assess body image and muscle-related attitudes.
In addition to the physical assessments, participants will be asked about the use of anabolic steroids, and the frequency and patterns of such use will be recorded. The study will aim to raise awareness about the health consequences of excessive exercise and unregulated anabolic substance use, with the goal of informing preventive strategies and guiding future research.
Conditions
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Study Design
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CASE_CONTROL
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Exercise-Dependent Group
Participants identified as "exercise dependent" based on scores from the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21). These individuals train at least 3 times per week and meet the criteria for exercise addiction.
Battery of Physical and Psychological Assessments
Participants in this observational study will not receive any therapeutic intervention. Instead, all individuals will undergo a series of standardized non-invasive assessments for data collection purposes. These include the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21) to classify exercise addiction status, the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) to evaluate body image and muscle-related attitudes, and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to determine the presence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. Cardiovascular risk will be assessed using the SCORE Risk Assessment System, which incorporates blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking status, and demographic data. Additional measurements will include oxygen saturation and heart rate using pulse oximetry, and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. These evaluations are intended solely for comparative analysis between exercise-dependent and non-dependent groups.
Non-Dependent Group
Participants who engage in regular resistance training (≥3 times/week) but do not meet the criteria for exercise addiction, based on EDS-21 scores.
Battery of Physical and Psychological Assessments
Participants in this observational study will not receive any therapeutic intervention. Instead, all individuals will undergo a series of standardized non-invasive assessments for data collection purposes. These include the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21) to classify exercise addiction status, the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) to evaluate body image and muscle-related attitudes, and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to determine the presence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. Cardiovascular risk will be assessed using the SCORE Risk Assessment System, which incorporates blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking status, and demographic data. Additional measurements will include oxygen saturation and heart rate using pulse oximetry, and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. These evaluations are intended solely for comparative analysis between exercise-dependent and non-dependent groups.
Interventions
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Battery of Physical and Psychological Assessments
Participants in this observational study will not receive any therapeutic intervention. Instead, all individuals will undergo a series of standardized non-invasive assessments for data collection purposes. These include the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-21) to classify exercise addiction status, the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) to evaluate body image and muscle-related attitudes, and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to determine the presence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. Cardiovascular risk will be assessed using the SCORE Risk Assessment System, which incorporates blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking status, and demographic data. Additional measurements will include oxygen saturation and heart rate using pulse oximetry, and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. These evaluations are intended solely for comparative analysis between exercise-dependent and non-dependent groups.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Member of a fitness center
* Regular physical activity (≥3 times per week)
* Voluntary participation with informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
* Professional or elite athletes
* Incomplete questionnaire data
18 Years
85 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
OTHER
Responsible Party
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ESRA PEHLIVAN
Principal Investigator
Locations
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Esra Pehlivan
Istanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Other Identifiers
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ExerciseAdd-1
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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