How Epigenetic Changes in hMLH1 Connect Lab Research With Diagnosis in Gastric Cancer

NCT ID: NCT06982768

Last Updated: 2026-01-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

245 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-09-01

Study Completion Date

2026-04-30

Brief Summary

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DNA methylation is one of the key mechanisms that are thought to underlie the association between aging and cancer. Several methylation-based measures of biological aging have been developed and have demonstrated an association with mortality and, in some cases, with cancer incidence. Accordingly, CpG promoter hypermethylation is a well-known mechanism of gene inactivation in carcinogenesis.

Gastric cancer has been classified in different molecular phenotypes based on genetic and epigenetic characteristics. One of these subtypes is characterized by a high grade of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). In gastric cancer, the MSI-H status is mostly caused by methylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter (between 71% and 78%), that is also considered the representative of a gastric-specific CpG island methylation pattern (CIMP). Gastric cancer with hMLH1 hypermethylation is frequently expressed in the MSI-H phenotype but also reported in the MSI-L type. Hypermethylation has been associated with advanced age, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol consumption. Moreover, other studies on GI cancer (colorectal, rectal and gastric) have associated hMLH1 hypermethylation with decreased levels of folate, vitamin C and niacin. Last, increased oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the possible initiators of cancer development and progression through epigenetic mechanism as hypermethylation. From a clinical standpoint, MSI-H gastric cancers have been associated with increased resistance to standard chemotherapy and increased immunogenicity, representing a hypothetic ideal target to immunotherapy, that has documented clinical efficacy for this subtype. However, some authors have suggested that MSI-H GCs without hMLH1 hypermethylation and GCs with hMLH1 hypermethylation could be different in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics and biological behavior. In addition, the specific role of hMLH1 hypermethylation in resistance to standard chemotherapy is unknown, as well as its potential adjunctive role in the chemoresistance of hypermethylated - but MSI-L - tumors.

Identifying risk factors for hMLH1 hypermethylated GC could have relevant implications in terms of disease prevention and even reversal of the hypermethylation mechanisms through natural as well as synthetic compounds. It could also identify a predictive tool to better stratify patients for expected sensitivity to specific chemotherapy (or biological therapy) regimens. Therefore, this preliminary study aims to determine if the development of hMLH1-methylated GC is associated with specific clinicopathologic characteristics and environmental habits. It also aims to report on the biological behavior of these tumors, as well as on their chemosensitivity to platin-based chemotherapy regimens.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Gastrectomy MLH1 Gene Mutation Gastric Cancer

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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No altered expression of the components of the MMR complex

Patients without altered expression of the components of the MMR complex

No interventions assigned to this group

Altered expression of the components of the MMR complex

Patients with altered expression of the components of the MMR complex

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients who underwent elective gastrectomy for Stage I-IV gastric cancer.
* Surgery performed at the General Surgery Unit of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS.
* Procedures conducted between January 2017 and August 2023.
* Only patients who have already undergone immunohistochemistry evaluation for expression of the components of the MMR complex (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6).

Exclusion Criteria

\- Patients with missing immunohistochemistry evaluation for the expression of the components of the MMR complex (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6).
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Annamaria Agnes

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS

Locations

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UOC Chirurgia Generale 1 - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS

Rome, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Italy

Central Contacts

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Annamaria Agnes

Role: CONTACT

+39 0630167190

Facility Contacts

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Annamaria Agnes

Role: primary

+39 0630157190

References

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Ottini L, Falchetti M, Lupi R, Rizzolo P, Agnese V, Colucci G, Bazan V, Russo A. Patterns of genomic instability in gastric cancer: clinical implications and perspectives. Ann Oncol. 2006 Jun;17 Suppl 7:vii97-102. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdl960.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16760303 (View on PubMed)

Bonneville R, Krook MA, Kautto EA, Miya J, Wing MR, Chen HZ, Reeser JW, Yu L, Roychowdhury S. Landscape of Microsatellite Instability Across 39 Cancer Types. JCO Precis Oncol. 2017;2017:PO.17.00073. doi: 10.1200/PO.17.00073. Epub 2017 Oct 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29850653 (View on PubMed)

Chistiakov DA, Myasoedova VA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Epigenetically Active Drugs Inhibiting DNA Methylation and Histone Deacetylation. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(8):1167-1174. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666161021110827.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27774908 (View on PubMed)

Bouyahya A, Mechchate H, Oumeslakht L, Zeouk I, Aboulaghras S, Balahbib A, Zengin G, Kamal MA, Gallo M, Montesano D, El Omari N. The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Human Cancers and the Use of Natural Compounds as Epidrugs: Mechanistic Pathways and Pharmacodynamic Actions. Biomolecules. 2022 Feb 25;12(3):367. doi: 10.3390/biom12030367.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35327559 (View on PubMed)

Kim KJ, Lee TH, Cho NY, Yang HK, Kim WH, Kang GH. Differential clinicopathologic features in microsatellite-unstable gastric cancers with and without MLH1 methylation. Hum Pathol. 2013 Jun;44(6):1055-64. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.09.009. Epub 2012 Dec 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23266441 (View on PubMed)

Maio M, Ascierto PA, Manzyuk L, Motola-Kuba D, Penel N, Cassier PA, Bariani GM, De Jesus Acosta A, Doi T, Longo F, Miller WH, Oh DY, Gottfried M, Xu L, Jin F, Norwood K, Marabelle A. Pembrolizumab in microsatellite instability high or mismatch repair deficient cancers: updated analysis from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study. Ann Oncol. 2022 Sep;33(9):929-938. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.519. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35680043 (View on PubMed)

Wu Q, Ni X. ROS-mediated DNA methylation pattern alterations in carcinogenesis. Curr Drug Targets. 2015;16(1):13-9. doi: 10.2174/1389450116666150113121054.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25585126 (View on PubMed)

An C, Choi IS, Yao JC, Worah S, Xie K, Mansfield PF, Ajani JA, Rashid A, Hamilton SR, Wu TT. Prognostic significance of CpG island methylator phenotype and microsatellite instability in gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 15;11(2 Pt 1):656-63.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15701853 (View on PubMed)

Toyota M, Ahuja N, Suzuki H, Itoh F, Ohe-Toyota M, Imai K, Baylin SB, Issa JP. Aberrant methylation in gastric cancer associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype. Cancer Res. 1999 Nov 1;59(21):5438-42.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10554013 (View on PubMed)

Fleisher AS, Esteller M, Wang S, Tamura G, Suzuki H, Yin J, Zou TT, Abraham JM, Kong D, Smolinski KN, Shi YQ, Rhyu MG, Powell SM, James SP, Wilson KT, Herman JG, Meltzer SJ. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter in human gastric cancers with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res. 1999 Mar 1;59(5):1090-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10070967 (View on PubMed)

Nan HM, Song YJ, Yun HY, Park JS, Kim H. Effects of dietary intake and genetic factors on hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul 7;11(25):3834-41. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i25.3834.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15991278 (View on PubMed)

Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):202-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13480. Epub 2014 Jul 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25079317 (View on PubMed)

Dugue PA, Bassett JK, Wong EM, Joo JE, Li S, Yu C, Schmidt DF, Makalic E, Doo NW, Buchanan DD, Hodge AM, English DR, Hopper JL, Giles GG, Southey MC, Milne RL. Biological Aging Measures Based on Blood DNA Methylation and Risk of Cancer: A Prospective Study. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020 Nov 16;5(1):pkaa109. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa109. eCollection 2021 Feb.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33442664 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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6212

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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