Effects of Beverage Volume, Glycerol Concentration, and Sodium Concentration on Fluid Balance in Healthy Euhydrated Men and Women at Rest

NCT ID: NCT06854471

Last Updated: 2025-07-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-04-09

Study Completion Date

2025-12-15

Brief Summary

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The presence of certain ingredients such as sodium and glycerol can facilitate retention of the fluid consumed via renal water reabsorption. To maintain overall whole-body fluid balance, it is important that ingested fluid is retained in the body instead of losing it through urination.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of sodium and glycerol concentrations at various fluid intake volumes on fluid balance in healthy, euhydrated men and women.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Fluid Balance

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Placebo beverage

Base beverage, no electrolytes, no glycerol

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo beverage, kiwi-strawberry flavor

Intervention Type OTHER

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 1

Higher electrolytes lower volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 1

Intervention Type OTHER

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 2

Lower electrolytes mid-volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 2

Intervention Type OTHER

6.7 oz 3 times for a total of 20 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 3

Higher electrolytes higher volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 3

Intervention Type OTHER

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 1

Lower electrolytes, lower glycerol, lower volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 1

Intervention Type OTHER

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 2

Higher electrolytes, higher glycerol, lower volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 2

Intervention Type OTHER

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 3

Higher electrolytes, higher glycerol, higher volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 3

Intervention Type OTHER

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Base with glycerol beverage 1

No electrolytes, higher glycerol, lower volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 1

Intervention Type OTHER

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Base with glycerol beverage 2

No electrolytes, lower glycerol, mid-volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 2

Intervention Type OTHER

6.7 oz 3 times for a total of 20 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Base with glycerol beverage 3

No electrolytes, higher glycerol, higher volume

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 3

Intervention Type OTHER

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Interventions

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Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 2

6.7 oz 3 times for a total of 20 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 2

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 3

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 1

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Base with glycerol, no electrolytes beverage 3

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Placebo beverage, kiwi-strawberry flavor

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose

Intervention Type OTHER

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 1

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 2

6.7 oz 3 times for a total of 20 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Electrolyte solution without glycerol beverage 3

9.3.oz 3 times for a total of 28 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Electrolyte solution with glycerol beverage 1

4 oz 3 times for a total of 12 oz over a 35 min period followed by 25 min rest until Time 0 post-dose. Beverage matched to placebo for color and flavor.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Subject is male or female
* If female, subject is not pregnant
* Subject is 18-50 years of age, inclusive
* Subject is at least recreationally active (engaged in light to moderate-intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least 30 min at a time)
* Subject does not smoke (or has quit for at least 6 months)
* Subject is not taking medication that may interfere with the study (e.g., diuretics)
* Subject has no health conditions that would interfere with the study (e.g. cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases)
* Subject is willing to avoid alcohol consumption 24 hours prior to visit(s)
* Subject is willing to fast overnight (\~8-12 hours)
* Subject is willing to refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours
* Subject is willing to eat the exact same food the day prior to each visit to the laboratory
* Provision of written consent to participate

Exclusion Criteria

* Subject has participated in a clinical trial within the past 30 days
* Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 6 months
* Subject has a condition or is taking medication that the investigator believes would interfere with his/her ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the person at undue risk
* Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian, or other immediate family member employed by a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade product. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade, they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

50 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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PepsiCo Global R&D

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Lindsay Baker, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

PepsiCo R&D/Gatorade and Sports Science Institute

Locations

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IMG Academy/GSSI Bradenton Gatorade Sports Science Institute

Bradenton, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

GCP Research

St. Petersburg, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Gatorade Sports Science Institute

Valhalla, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Lindsay Baker, PhD

Role: CONTACT

800.884.2867

Facility Contacts

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Kris Osterberg, PhD

Role: primary

941-201-3820

Jessica Cruz, RN

Role: primary

727.520.1427

Madelaine Perez

Role: backup

727.520.1427

Lindsay Baker, PhD

Role: primary

814-883-9454

Other Identifiers

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PEP-2420

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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