Post-activation Performance Enhancement Improves

NCT ID: NCT06825065

Last Updated: 2026-01-20

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 9 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-03-10
• Study Completion Date: 2024-04-28

Brief Summary

This study investigates the acute effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) on the number of repetitions performed to volitional failure and total training volume in resistance-trained men. The research is designed as a randomized crossover trial where participants perform two different exercise protocols under controlled conditions.

The study includes 9 healthy, strength-trained male volunteers aged 18-30 years, with at least one year of resistance training experience. Participants complete two experimental conditions:

PAPE Protocol: A warm-up followed by 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM, a 10-minute rest, and then 3 sets of half-squat at 75% 1RM until volitional failure.

Control (CON) Protocol: A warm-up followed by 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM, a 4-minute rest, and then 3 sets of half-squat at 75% 1RM until volitional failure.

The primary outcome measures are:

Total training volume (set × reps × weight) Number of repetitions performed The study aims to determine whether PAPE improves total volume and repetition performance in resistance training. The findings could contribute to better training strategies for athletes and fitness professionals.

Ethical approval was obtained from the Gaziantep University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2022/373), and all participants provided informed consent before participation.

Detailed Description

This study explores the acute effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) on repetition performance and training volume during a half-squat exercise in resistance-trained men. PAPE is a physiological phenomenon in which performance is enhanced following a conditioning activity (CA) involving a high-intensity resistance exercise. The study focuses on its effect on resistance training (RT) performance, specifically the number of repetitions performed to volitional failure and the total training volume during a half-squat exercise.

Study Design The study follows a randomized crossover design. Each participant performs both experimental protocols: PAPE and Control (CON) conditions. A random assignment is used to ensure that each participant experiences both conditions in separate sessions, with a 72-hour rest period between them to allow full recovery.

Participants Total number of participants: 9 trained male university students, aged 18-30 years, with at least 1 year of resistance training experience.

Inclusion Criteria:

Male participants aged 18-30 years No musculoskeletal disorders or injuries in the previous 6 months At least 1 year of continuous resistance training, including use of the half-squat exercise

Exclusion Criteria:

Doping or chronic drug use History of neuromuscular, metabolic, hormonal, or cardiovascular diseases Orthopedic limitations Use of supplements (e.g., caffeine) that may interfere with performance Participation in high-intensity training outside of the study protocol Interventions PAPE Protocol: Participants perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM, followed by a 10-minute rest. After the rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of 1RM until volitional failure.

Control (CON) Protocol: Participants perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM, followed by a 4-minute rest. After the rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of 1RM until volitional failure.

Outcome Measures

The primary outcomes of this study are:

Total Volume: The total weight lifted, calculated as set × repetitions × load. Repetition Count: The number of repetitions performed until volitional failure in each set.

Procedures Session 1: Anthropometric measurements are taken (e.g., height, weight, body mass index). Participants are familiarized with the half-squat exercise.

Session 2: 1RM (one-repetition maximum) for the half-squat is measured using a Smith machine.

Session 3 & 4: Participants are randomly assigned to either the PAPE or Control condition. Both protocols are performed on separate days, with 72 hours of rest in between.

Training and Testing Protocol Warm-Up: For PAPE, participants perform 3 repetitions at 90% of their 1RM. For the Control group, 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM are performed.

Rest Periods: A 10-minute rest follows the PAPE warm-up, and a 4-minute rest follows the Control warm-up.

Testing Protocol: After the rest periods, participants perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of 1RM until failure in both conditions.

Ethical Considerations The study protocol has been approved by the Gaziantep University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2022/373). All participants have provided written informed consent before their participation, ensuring their understanding of the study procedures and any potential risks.

Statistical Analysis Data will be analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare total volume and repetition counts between the PAPE and Control conditions. Effect sizes will be calculated using Cohen's d for volume and partial eta-squared (ηp2) for repetition count.

Expected Impact This study aims to explore whether the PAPE protocol can significantly improve training outcomes by increasing the total volume and number of repetitions in a resistance training session, specifically in the half-squat exercise. If proven effective, PAPE could be incorporated into training strategies for athletes and fitness professionals aiming to maximize their performance and muscle hypertrophy.

Conditions

Resistance Exercise

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

PAPE Protocol

Participants in this group will first perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of their 1RM. After a 10-minute rest, they will perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

PAPE Protocol

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

In this intervention, participants perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM. After a 10-minute rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure. This protocol is designed to enhance performance through the post-activation potentiation effect.

Control Protocol

Participants in this group will perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of their 1RM. After a 4-minute rest, they will perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Control Protocol

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

In this intervention, participants perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM. After a 4-minute rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure. This protocol is used as a baseline for comparison with the PAPE protocol.

Interventions

PAPE Protocol

In this intervention, participants perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM. After a 10-minute rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure. This protocol is designed to enhance performance through the post-activation potentiation effect.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Control Protocol

In this intervention, participants perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM. After a 4-minute rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure. This protocol is used as a baseline for comparison with the PAPE protocol.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants must be 18-30 years old.
• Only biologically male participants are eligible to participate in the study.
• Participants must have at least 1 year of continuous resistance training experience.
• Participants should be healthy, with no musculoskeletal disorders or injuries in the previous 6 months.
• Participants must have experience in performing the half-squat exercise as part of their regular training routine.
• Participants must be willing to provide written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants who are currently using performance-enhancing drugs or have a history of chronic drug use.
• Participants with a history of neuromuscular disease, metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, cardiovascular diseases, or any orthopedic limitations.
• Participants who are using supplements such as caffeine or any other substances that might interfere with performance or the study protocol.
• Participants who perform high-intensity aerobic training or resistance training outside their routine, which may interfere with study procedures.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 30 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Gaziantep

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Zarife Pancar

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Zarife Pancar Assistant Professor, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Gaziantep

Locations

Gaziantep University, Faculty of Sport Sciences

Gaziantep, Şehitkamil, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

2022/373

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

GAUN-SBF-PANCAR-03

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id