PAPE Effect With Blood Flow Restriction and Push-Up Exercise (Post-Activation Performance Enhancement)

NCT ID: NCT07015515

Last Updated: 2025-11-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-06-20
• Study Completion Date: 2025-08-20

Brief Summary

This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test.

Detailed Description

The study includes three push-up conditions (BFR, sham BFR, and no BFR). Performance is evaluated via medicine ball throws at the 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes post-exercise. Exercises are applied in a crossover design with 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) BFR, sham, and control arms. Throw distance and ball velocity (measured by radar device) are primary outcomes. RPE scale is used to assess perceived exertion.

Conditions

Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Blood flow restriction exercise group

Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Blood flow restriction exercise group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets.

Sham Blood flow restriction exercise group

In this group, a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Sham blood flow restriction exercise

Intervention Type: OTHER

a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance

Control group

Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Control group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed

Interventions

Sham blood flow restriction exercise

a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance

Intervention Type: OTHER

Control group

Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed

Intervention Type: OTHER

Blood flow restriction exercise group

Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Being between 18 and 25 years old
• Being a volleyball player
• Having trained regularly in the last 6 months
• Ability to perform at least 5 repetitions of push-up with own body weight
• Voluntarily agreeing to participate and signing the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria

• History of shoulder or upper extremity injury requiring physical therapy or surgery
• History of venous thromboembolism
• Hematological disorders
• Coronary artery disease
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Hypertension (systolic/diastolic > 140 mmHg/90 mmHg)
• History or high risk of deep vein thrombosis
• Blood clotting disorders
• Poor circulation
• Inadequate lymphatic system
• History of endothelial dysfunction
• Varicose veins
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Diabetes
• Easy bruising
• Active infection
• Cancer
• Renal failure
• Pregnancy
• Intolerance to intervention

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 25 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Istanbul University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Şensu Dinçer

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Şensu Dinçer

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Istanbul University

Locations

Istanbul Faculty of Medicine

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

PAPE-BFR-2025

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id