The Impact of Self-processing on Mental Time Travel

NCT ID: NCT06823193

Last Updated: 2025-08-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

66 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-12-01

Study Completion Date

2026-03-31

Brief Summary

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Mental time travel (MTT) refers to the ability to project oneself backward into the past or forward into the future to envision past and future events. This study examines the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in orienting toward past and future events during MTT.

Detailed Description

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Mental Time Travel (MTT) is the ability to project oneself toward another specific temporal location, in the past or future subjective time. Specifically, it requires placing mental events on a subjective timeline by remembering the past or imagining the future. Regarding neural correlates, the subjective experience of remembering the past is associated with the lateral parietal cortex, especially in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The involvement of parietal areas in MTT for past events has been confirmed by neuropsychological and neuromodulation studies. Patients with neglect, following a lesion of the right parietal cortex, show a deficit in judging events that occurred before a specific temporal reference, suggesting an impairment in the representation of past events. Using transcranial alternate continuos stimulation (tACS) D'Angelo and colleagues (2023) showed that parietal beta frequencies selectively alter participants' ability to project into the past, but not into the future. Regarding future processing, the involvement of prefrontal cortex has been widely reported. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) plays a key role in planning, while the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is involved in future scenario construction. In addition, vmPFC patients are unable to project into the future and anticipate events ahead, supporting a crucial role of the vmPFC in future construction.

Parietal and prefrontal areas are also involved in the processing of self-related information. In particular, the right lateral parietal cortex is more involved in retrieving self-related information than other-related information. Regarding the role of prefrontal regions in processing the self, the vmPFC shows greater activity when imagining a mental scenario related to the self rather than to another person.

To better understand MTT ability, two important questions arise from the review of the relevant literature. First, does self-related information affect our ability to mentally travel in time? If so, may these two processes interact in the same brain areas? VmPFC might be a good candidate for the interaction between future projection and self-processing: self-related stimuli could increase one's ability to "move" to future MTT.

Regarding past and self-related processing, the role of the right lateral parietal cortex is still unclear. IPL neural activity could underlie both processes, thus revealing a crucial centre for the interplay between MTT past projection and self-processing (autobiographical component of MTT).

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of self-related stimuli in MTT tasks in patients with focal brain injury. Specifically, the authors will test for the first time whether the temporal distance between present time and the likelihood that a life event will occur (or has already occurred) is different whether the event is referred to one's own face or someone else's face.

Conditions

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Brain Injuries, Focal

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Healthy Participants; vmPFC patients; not-vmPFC patients.
Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Healthy participants

All participants performed the MTT task, the Age estimation task and the Lifeline task.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Mental Time Travel task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A psychophysical task (D'Angelo et al., 2023) will be adopted. In this task, a projection in time will be "induced" by faces of different ages. Face stimuli will be presented with a short sentence describing a particular life event, commonly occurring around 60. Participants will perform a two-alternative forced-choice task under two experimental conditions. In the "past projection" condition, they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person of the face shown could have experienced the indicated event 10 years earlier. In the "future projection," they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person depicted will experience the indicated event in 10 years.

Age Estimation control task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this task participants will estimate the age of the faces adopted as stimuli.

Lifeline task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this task participants will be instructed to associated each event with the age at which they believe it typically occurred.

vmPFC patients

All participants performed the MTT task, the Age estimation task and the Lifeline task.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Mental Time Travel task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A psychophysical task (D'Angelo et al., 2023) will be adopted. In this task, a projection in time will be "induced" by faces of different ages. Face stimuli will be presented with a short sentence describing a particular life event, commonly occurring around 60. Participants will perform a two-alternative forced-choice task under two experimental conditions. In the "past projection" condition, they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person of the face shown could have experienced the indicated event 10 years earlier. In the "future projection," they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person depicted will experience the indicated event in 10 years.

Age Estimation control task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this task participants will estimate the age of the faces adopted as stimuli.

Lifeline task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this task participants will be instructed to associated each event with the age at which they believe it typically occurred.

not-vmPFC patients

All participants performed the MTT task, the Age estimation task and the Lifeline task.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Mental Time Travel task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A psychophysical task (D'Angelo et al., 2023) will be adopted. In this task, a projection in time will be "induced" by faces of different ages. Face stimuli will be presented with a short sentence describing a particular life event, commonly occurring around 60. Participants will perform a two-alternative forced-choice task under two experimental conditions. In the "past projection" condition, they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person of the face shown could have experienced the indicated event 10 years earlier. In the "future projection," they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person depicted will experience the indicated event in 10 years.

Age Estimation control task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this task participants will estimate the age of the faces adopted as stimuli.

Lifeline task

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this task participants will be instructed to associated each event with the age at which they believe it typically occurred.

Interventions

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Mental Time Travel task

A psychophysical task (D'Angelo et al., 2023) will be adopted. In this task, a projection in time will be "induced" by faces of different ages. Face stimuli will be presented with a short sentence describing a particular life event, commonly occurring around 60. Participants will perform a two-alternative forced-choice task under two experimental conditions. In the "past projection" condition, they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person of the face shown could have experienced the indicated event 10 years earlier. In the "future projection," they will indicate whether it is "likely" or "unlikely" that the person depicted will experience the indicated event in 10 years.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Age Estimation control task

In this task participants will estimate the age of the faces adopted as stimuli.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Lifeline task

In this task participants will be instructed to associated each event with the age at which they believe it typically occurred.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* the absence of general cognitive impairment, assessed by neuropsychological testing
* the presence of a focal brain lesion will be adopted as an inclusion criterion for patients.

Exclusion Criteria

* psychiatric disorders
* multiple brain lesions
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive (Cesena)

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Giuliana Vezzadini, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri

Locations

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Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri

Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Italy

Central Contacts

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Giuliana Vezzadini, MD

Role: CONTACT

0376-7741

Giulia Franco, Psy

Role: CONTACT

0376-7741

Facility Contacts

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Giuliana Vezzadini, MD

Role: primary

0376-7741

Giulia Franco, Psy

Role: backup

0376-7741

References

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Hutchinson JB, Uncapher MR, Wagner AD. Posterior parietal cortex and episodic retrieval: convergent and divergent effects of attention and memory. Learn Mem. 2009 May 23;16(6):343-56. doi: 10.1101/lm.919109. Print 2009 Jun.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19470649 (View on PubMed)

Bonato M, Saj A, Vuilleumier P. Hemispatial Neglect Shows That "Before" Is "Left". Neural Plast. 2016;2016:2716036. doi: 10.1155/2016/2716036. Epub 2016 May 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27313902 (View on PubMed)

Lou HC, Luber B, Crupain M, Keenan JP, Nowak M, Kjaer TW, Sackeim HA, Lisanby SH. Parietal cortex and representation of the mental Self. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Apr 27;101(17):6827-32. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400049101. Epub 2004 Apr 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15096584 (View on PubMed)

De Brigard F, Nathan Spreng R, Mitchell JP, Schacter DL. Neural activity associated with self, other, and object-based counterfactual thinking. Neuroimage. 2015 Apr 1;109:12-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.075. Epub 2015 Jan 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25579447 (View on PubMed)

D'Argembeau A, Jedidi H, Balteau E, Bahri M, Phillips C, Salmon E. Valuing one's self: medial prefrontal involvement in epistemic and emotive investments in self-views. Cereb Cortex. 2012 Mar;22(3):659-67. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr144. Epub 2011 Jun 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21680845 (View on PubMed)

Schacter DL, Addis DR, Hassabis D, Martin VC, Spreng RN, Szpunar KK. The future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain. Neuron. 2012 Nov 21;76(4):677-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23177955 (View on PubMed)

Kaller CP, Rahm B, Spreer J, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM. Dissociable contributions of left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in planning. Cereb Cortex. 2011 Feb;21(2):307-17. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq096. Epub 2010 Jun 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20522540 (View on PubMed)

Ciaramelli E, Anelli F, Frassinetti F. An asymmetry in past and future mental time travel following vmPFC damage. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2021 Mar 5;16(3):315-325. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsaa163.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33382070 (View on PubMed)

D'Argembeau A, Van der Linden M. Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: influence of valence and temporal distance. Conscious Cogn. 2004 Dec;13(4):844-58. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.07.007.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15522635 (View on PubMed)

D'Angelo M, Frassinetti F, Cappelletti M. The Role of Beta Oscillations in Mental Time Travel. Psychol Sci. 2023 Apr;34(4):490-500. doi: 10.1177/09567976221147259. Epub 2023 Feb 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37067986 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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ICS Maugeri CE 2717

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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