Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
80 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-03-12
2026-12-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Cyclic Sighing Breathing
Ten minutes a day of active breathwork practice for 28 days delivered remotely through a video link.
Participants will also practice 10 minutes of active breathwork during the 2 MRI assessments, one before the start of the 28 days, and one after the completion of the 28 days.
Cyclic Sighing Breathing
Participants are instructed to be seated or lying down, and can keep their eyes open or closed throughout the 10 minutes of the breathing practice during the 28 days. Participants are instructed to keep their eyes closed when practicing the 10 minutes of the cyclic sighing during the 2 MRI assessments.
The cyclic sighing protocol consists of a breathing pattern that involves inhaling deeply, starting abdominally, inhaling through the nose until lungs feel comfortably filled, immediately followed by a second shorter inhale, also through the nose, to maximally inflate the lungs. Then participants are instructed to slowly exhale through the mouth until their lungs feel empty. This cycle is repeated for 10 minutes.
Box Breathing
Ten minutes a day of active breathwork practice for 28 days delivered remotely through a video link.
Participants will also practice 10 minutes of active breathwork during the 2 MRI assessments, one before the start of the 28 days, and one after the completion of the 28 days.
Box Breathing
Participants are instructed to be seated or lying down, and can keep their eyes open or closed throughout the 10 minutes of the breathing during the 28 days. Participants are instructed to keep their eyes closed when practicing the 10 minutes of the box breathing during the 2 MRI assessments.
The CO2 tolerance test is done at baseline to determine their comfort level with the duration of each side of the box during box breathing.
The box breathing protocol consists of a four-part breathing technique. The practice involves breathing through the nose in four equally timed parts: inhale, hold, exhale, and hold again, forming a 'box' of breaths (e.g. 4 sec inhale, 4 sec hold, 4 sec exhale, 4 sec hold).This cycle is repeated for 10 minutes.
Hypnosis
Ten minutes a day of hypnosis practice for 28 days delivered remotely through an audio link.
Participants will also practice 10 minutes of hypnosis during the 2 MRI assessments, one before the start of the 28 days, and one after the completion of the 28 days
Hypnosis
Participants are instructed to sit comfortably or lie down during the 28 day at home practice (Participants will be lying down in the scanner during the 2 MRIs). Then participants are asked to look up, slowly close their eyes, take a deep breath, slowly exhale, and let their body float, and then to imagine floating in a bath, a lake, a hot tub, or floating in space. Participants are then asked to picture an imaginary screen and visualize a place where it would naturally feel comfortable and relaxed. The participants then divide the screen in half and picture on the left side one thing that is causing them stress, with the rule that no matter what the participant picture, to keep their body comfortable and relaxed. Then on the right side of the screen the participants are asked to picture one thing that can be done about the problem on the left. At the end the participant will be guided to come out of the state of hypnosis. This exercise will take 10 minutes.
Audiobook on Stress
Ten minutes a day of listening to sections of an audiobook about stress for 28 days (passive listening) delivered remotely through an audio link.
Participants will also listen to the 10 minute segments during the 2 MRI assessments, one before the start of the 28 days, and one after the completion of the 28 days.
Audiobook
Participants are instructed to be seated or lying down, and can keep eyes open or closed throughout the 10 minutes of listening to the audiobook during the 28 days. Participants are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the 2 MRI assessments.
Interventions
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Cyclic Sighing Breathing
Participants are instructed to be seated or lying down, and can keep their eyes open or closed throughout the 10 minutes of the breathing practice during the 28 days. Participants are instructed to keep their eyes closed when practicing the 10 minutes of the cyclic sighing during the 2 MRI assessments.
The cyclic sighing protocol consists of a breathing pattern that involves inhaling deeply, starting abdominally, inhaling through the nose until lungs feel comfortably filled, immediately followed by a second shorter inhale, also through the nose, to maximally inflate the lungs. Then participants are instructed to slowly exhale through the mouth until their lungs feel empty. This cycle is repeated for 10 minutes.
Box Breathing
Participants are instructed to be seated or lying down, and can keep their eyes open or closed throughout the 10 minutes of the breathing during the 28 days. Participants are instructed to keep their eyes closed when practicing the 10 minutes of the box breathing during the 2 MRI assessments.
The CO2 tolerance test is done at baseline to determine their comfort level with the duration of each side of the box during box breathing.
The box breathing protocol consists of a four-part breathing technique. The practice involves breathing through the nose in four equally timed parts: inhale, hold, exhale, and hold again, forming a 'box' of breaths (e.g. 4 sec inhale, 4 sec hold, 4 sec exhale, 4 sec hold).This cycle is repeated for 10 minutes.
Hypnosis
Participants are instructed to sit comfortably or lie down during the 28 day at home practice (Participants will be lying down in the scanner during the 2 MRIs). Then participants are asked to look up, slowly close their eyes, take a deep breath, slowly exhale, and let their body float, and then to imagine floating in a bath, a lake, a hot tub, or floating in space. Participants are then asked to picture an imaginary screen and visualize a place where it would naturally feel comfortable and relaxed. The participants then divide the screen in half and picture on the left side one thing that is causing them stress, with the rule that no matter what the participant picture, to keep their body comfortable and relaxed. Then on the right side of the screen the participants are asked to picture one thing that can be done about the problem on the left. At the end the participant will be guided to come out of the state of hypnosis. This exercise will take 10 minutes.
Audiobook
Participants are instructed to be seated or lying down, and can keep eyes open or closed throughout the 10 minutes of listening to the audiobook during the 28 days. Participants are instructed to keep their eyes closed during the 2 MRI assessments.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* No contraindications to MRI imaging (like ferromagnetic metal in their body)
Exclusion Criteria
* Not able or willing to come to research location twice for MRI assessments
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Stanford University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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David Spiegel
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
Principal Investigators
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David Spiegel, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Stanford University
Locations
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Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
Stanford, California, United States
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Other Identifiers
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72131
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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