Time-restricted Feeding Improves Basal Fat Oxidation and Body Composition But Not Fat Oxidation During Exercise

NCT ID: NCT06498102

Last Updated: 2024-07-12

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 34 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-06-06
• Study Completion Date: 2023-12-12

Brief Summary

Time-restricted feeding is one of the IF models with significant advantages beyond other IF models, such as simplicity and flexibility, where individuals limit their eating window to specific hours of the day, with a fasting period of at least 12 hours. Ample evidence in humans suggests that prolonged daily cycles of feeding and fasting when aligned with the circadian rhythm, as in the TRF regimen, can alleviate metabolic diseases. Furthermore, research supports a range of health benefits associated with TRF programs in diverse populations, including improvements in body composition and insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, and achieving a more balanced hunger sensation. Moreover, adopting a 6-hour eating window followed by an 18-hour fasting period can elicit a metabolic shift from relying on glucose to utilizing ketones for energy, which is associated with extended lifespan and a reduced risk of various diseases including type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to determine the effect of a 6-week TRF on resting and exercise substrate oxidation and changes in blood markers linked to cardiometabolic health.

Detailed Description

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week TRF program on resting and exercise substrate oxidation, and examine changes in body composition and blood markers linked to cardiometabolic health in recreationally active young males. It was hypothesized that compared to controls, TRF would improve body composition, blood markers associated with cardiometabolic health, and increase substrate oxidation during rest and exercise.

Experimental approach to the problem:

Participants reported to the laboratory on 4 separate occasions. Initially, a familiarization session for V̇O2max testing was conducted on a cycle ergometer. In the second visit, participants repeated V̇O2max test to determine their cardiorespiratory fitness, and this test created the intensity for the submaximal exercise test. A minimum of 48 hours after the V̇O2max test and an overnight fast, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise were assessed. All measurements were performed between 08:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon in order to eliminate the effect of circadian rhythm. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to either TRF or control group. The TRF group received comprehensive nutrition education from a dietitian and was directed to adhere to the 16:8 program for 6 weeks, limiting their eating window to 8 hours daily, while the control group was asked to maintain their eating habits. To assess participant quality of life, the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) developed by Ware et al. was administered before and after the 6-week intervention period (38). All participants were asked to maintain their daily physical activity levels throughout the study. A 7-day food diary was completed by all participants at study initiation and during the third and sixth week. After completing the six-week program, all participants underwent post-tests identical to the pre-tests. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants following an overnight fast at baseline and after 6 weeks.

Conditions

Dietary Exposure

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Time Restricted Feeding Group

Thirty-one healthy, young males (age: 27.5±6 years, body mass: 76.5±8.4 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake \[V̇O2max\]: 43.9±6.6 mL/kg/min) were randomly assigned to either TRF (n=14) or control group (n=17). TRF group followed an 16:8 intermittent fasting diet program for 6 weeks. Body composition, insulin sensitivity, resting substrate oxidation, and fat oxidation during cycling at 40% V̇O2max were assessed before and after the diet program.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Intermittent Fasting: Time Restricted Feeding During 6 Weeks

Intervention Type: OTHER

Thirty-one healthy, young males (age: 27.5±6 years, body mass: 76.5±8.4 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake \[V̇O2max\]: 43.9±6.6 mL/kg/min) were randomly assigned to either TRF (n=14) or control group (n=17). TRF group followed an 16:8 intermittent fasting diet program for 6 weeks. Body composition, insulin sensitivity, resting substrate oxidation, and fat oxidation during cycling at 40% V̇O2max were assessed before and after the diet program.

Control Group

Control group maintained their existing dietary habits during the 6 weeks. Body composition, insulin sensitivity, resting substrate oxidation, and fat oxidation during cycling at 40% V̇O2max were assessed before and after the program.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Intermittent Fasting: Time Restricted Feeding During 6 Weeks

Thirty-one healthy, young males (age: 27.5±6 years, body mass: 76.5±8.4 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake \[V̇O2max\]: 43.9±6.6 mL/kg/min) were randomly assigned to either TRF (n=14) or control group (n=17). TRF group followed an 16:8 intermittent fasting diet program for 6 weeks. Body composition, insulin sensitivity, resting substrate oxidation, and fat oxidation during cycling at 40% V̇O2max were assessed before and after the diet program.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Healthy recreationally active males who habitually undergo cycling, running, soccer 2-3 times per week volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled study.

Exclusion Criteria

• Acute or chronic disease
• Taking any drug or supplements known to affect metabolism
• currently following time-restricted diets
• had lost more than 10% of their weight in the last 3 months before participated the study

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 39 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Hacettepe University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Muhammed Mustafa Atakan

Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Muhammed Atakan, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Hacettepe University

Hale Aktaş, MSc

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Hacettepe University

Hüseyin Turnagöl, Professor

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hacettepe University

Nazan Koşar, Proffesor

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Hacettepe University

Zeynep Ergün, BsC

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Hacettepe University

Locations

Faculty of Sports Science, Hacettepe University

Ankara, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Stratton MT, Tinsley GM, Alesi MG, Hester GM, Olmos AA, Serafini PR, Modjeski AS, Mangine GT, King K, Savage SN, Webb AT, VanDusseldorp TA. Four Weeks of Time-Restricted Feeding Combined with Resistance Training Does Not Differentially Influence Measures of Body Composition, Muscle Performance, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Blood Biomarkers. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 17;12(4):1126. doi: 10.3390/nu12041126.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32316561 (View on PubMed)

Mattson MP, Allison DB, Fontana L, Harvie M, Longo VD, Malaisse WJ, Mosley M, Notterpek L, Ravussin E, Scheer FA, Seyfried TN, Varady KA, Panda S. Meal frequency and timing in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Nov 25;111(47):16647-53. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413965111. Epub 2014 Nov 17.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25404320 (View on PubMed)

Panda S. Circadian physiology of metabolism. Science. 2016 Nov 25;354(6315):1008-1015. doi: 10.1126/science.aah4967.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 27885007 (View on PubMed)

Di Francesco A, Di Germanio C, Bernier M, de Cabo R. A time to fast. Science. 2018 Nov 16;362(6416):770-775. doi: 10.1126/science.aau2095.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30442801 (View on PubMed)

Atakan MM, Guzel Y, Bulut S, Kosar SN, McConell GK, Turnagol HH. Six high-intensity interval training sessions over 5 days increases maximal oxygen uptake, endurance capacity, and sub-maximal exercise fat oxidation as much as 6 high-intensity interval training sessions over 2 weeks. J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Jul;10(4):478-487. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.008. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32565243 (View on PubMed)

Atakan MM, Guzel Y, Shrestha N, Kosar SN, Grgic J, Astorino TA, Turnagol HH, Pedisic Z. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jul 20:bjsports-2021-105181. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105181. Online ahead of print.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35859145 (View on PubMed)

Atakan MM, Kosar SN, Turnagol HH. Six Sessions of Low-volume High-intensity Interval Exercise Improves Resting Fat Oxidation. Int J Sports Med. 2022 Dec;43(14):1206-1213. doi: 10.1055/a-1905-7985. Epub 2022 Jul 20.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35858638 (View on PubMed)

Xie Z, Sun Y, Ye Y, Hu D, Zhang H, He Z, Zhao H, Yang H, Mao Y. Randomized controlled trial for time-restricted eating in healthy volunteers without obesity. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 22;13(1):1003. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28662-5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35194047 (View on PubMed)

Aktas H, Atakan MM, Aktitiz S, Ergun Z, Kosar SN, Astorino TA, Turnagol HH. Six weeks of time-restricted eating improves basal fat oxidation and body composition but not fat oxidation during exercise in young males. Clin Nutr. 2025 Jul;50:92-103. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.022. Epub 2025 Apr 30.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 40382896 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

HU-SB-HA-02

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id