The Effect of Nurse-Led Body Protection Education in Students With Visual Impairments

NCT ID: NCT06497803

Last Updated: 2024-07-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

53 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-10-08

Study Completion Date

2022-01-07

Brief Summary

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In the study, it was aimed to examine the effect of nurse-led body protection education on the sexual abuse knowledge levels of students with visual impairments.

Detailed Description

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Children with visual impairments form a risky group in terms of abuse as they are more dependent in relation to providing self-care compared to children with visually healthy and they use their sense of touch in communicating with the environment. The 53 students with visual impairments were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. The study data were collected through children's knowledge of abuse questionnaire - revised with the subdimensions of good touch and bad touch. Nurse-led body protection education was provided to the intervention group in groups of 3-4 in 40 minutes. The education was provided as verbal narration by using a doll and distress whistle. In addition, two weeks after the post-test, a reminder education brochure prepared with the braille alphabet was distributed to the students in the intervention group.

Conditions

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Child Sexual Abuse Disability, Vision

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This study is parallel group randomized controlled study.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Intervention Group

Nurse-led body protection education was provided to the intervention group in groups of 3-4 in 40 minutes. The education was provided as verbal narration by using a doll and distress whistle. In addition, two weeks after the post-test, a reminder education brochure prepared with the braille alphabet was distributed to the students in the intervention group.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Nurse-Led Body Protection Education

Intervention Type OTHER

Based on BST and Safe Touches education programs and in line with the studies conducted in the literature on children who are not visually impaired, NLBPE was created by the researchers (Akgul et al., 2021; Citak-Tunc et al., 2018; Pulido, 2019; Wurtele, 2007). The program aims to teach visually impaired children how to protect the private parts of their bodies, to distinguish between good and bad touch, to distinguish between good and bad secrets, to say no, scream, and ask for help when necessary. As education tools, dolls and distress whistles were used. In order for children to learn the private parts of their bodies, a doll was used. The practice of "Say No, Scream, Run, and Blow Your Whistle While Running" in order for the students to protect their body from bad touch was applied by the students one by one firstly, and in groups later.

Reminder Education Brochure

Intervention Type OTHER

The brochure was prepared in line with the NLBPE and included what is a good touch and a bad touch, how to distinguish a good touch from a bad touch, examples of good touch and bad touch, and what to do when encountered with a bad touch (Say No, Scream, Run, and Blow Your Whistle While Running). The brochure, the content of which was prepared by the researcher, was translated into Braille Alphabet by a visually impaired teacher working at the school where the research was conducted, before it was distributed to the intervention group members.

Control Group

Pretest, posttest and follow-up test were applied simultaneously to the intervention group and the control group. Throughout the research, the control group continued their routine education. After the follow-up test, the control group was also provided with nurse-led body protection education.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Nurse-Led Body Protection Education

Based on BST and Safe Touches education programs and in line with the studies conducted in the literature on children who are not visually impaired, NLBPE was created by the researchers (Akgul et al., 2021; Citak-Tunc et al., 2018; Pulido, 2019; Wurtele, 2007). The program aims to teach visually impaired children how to protect the private parts of their bodies, to distinguish between good and bad touch, to distinguish between good and bad secrets, to say no, scream, and ask for help when necessary. As education tools, dolls and distress whistles were used. In order for children to learn the private parts of their bodies, a doll was used. The practice of "Say No, Scream, Run, and Blow Your Whistle While Running" in order for the students to protect their body from bad touch was applied by the students one by one firstly, and in groups later.

Intervention Type OTHER

Reminder Education Brochure

The brochure was prepared in line with the NLBPE and included what is a good touch and a bad touch, how to distinguish a good touch from a bad touch, examples of good touch and bad touch, and what to do when encountered with a bad touch (Say No, Scream, Run, and Blow Your Whistle While Running). The brochure, the content of which was prepared by the researcher, was translated into Braille Alphabet by a visually impaired teacher working at the school where the research was conducted, before it was distributed to the intervention group members.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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NLBPE REB

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Students with visual impairments who gave their consent to participate in the study and who could communicate in Turkish were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria

* Students who had a mental disability in addition to visual impairment were excluded from the study.
Minimum Eligible Age

7 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Marmara University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Ayse Ergun, Prof

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Marmara University

Esma Akgul, MSc, RN

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Marmara University

Locations

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Marmara University

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Cecen-Erogul AR, Kaf Hasirci O. The effectiveness of psycho-educational school-based child sexual abuse prevention training program on turkish elementary students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 2013; 13(2): 725-729.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Jin Y, Chen J, Jiang Y, Yu B. Evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention education program for school-age children in China: a comparison of teachers and parents as instructors. Health Educ Res. 2017 Aug 1;32(4):364-373. doi: 10.1093/her/cyx047.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28854573 (View on PubMed)

Huang S, Cui C. Preventing Child Sexual Abuse Using Picture Books: The Effect of Book Character and Message Framing. J Child Sex Abus. 2020 May-Jun;29(4):448-467. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2020.1719449. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32109197 (View on PubMed)

Czerwinski F, Finne E, Alfes J, Kolip P. Effectiveness of a school-based intervention to prevent child sexual abuse-Evaluation of the German IGEL program. Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Dec;86:109-122. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.023. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30278285 (View on PubMed)

Manheim M, Felicetti R, Moloney G. Child Sexual Abuse Victimization Prevention Programs in Preschool and Kindergarten: Implications for Practice. J Child Sex Abus. 2019 Aug-Sep;28(6):745-757. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1627687. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31219780 (View on PubMed)

Pulido ML, Dauber S, Tully BA, Hamilton P, Smith MJ, Freeman K. Knowledge Gains Following a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program Among Urban Students: A Cluster-Randomized Evaluation. Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105(7):1344-50. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302594. Epub 2015 May 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25973809 (View on PubMed)

White C, Shanley DC, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Walsh K, Hawkins R, Lines K, Webb H. Promoting young children's interpersonal safety knowledge, intentions, confidence, and protective behavior skills: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Aug;82:144-155. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.024. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29902697 (View on PubMed)

Wurtele SK. Teaching young children personal body safety. The Body Safety Training Workbook. 2007. University of Colorado: Colorado Springs.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Akgül E, Darak S, Sisman FN, Ergun A. Effect of the Nurse-Led. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2021; 12(2): 156-164.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Citak Tunc G, Gorak G, Ozyazicioglu N, Ak B, Isil O, Vural P. Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: Body Safety Training for Young Children in Turkey. J Child Sex Abus. 2018 May-Jun;27(4):347-364. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2018.1477001. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29856274 (View on PubMed)

Irmak TY, Kızıltepe R, Aksel Ş, Güngör D, Eslek D. Mika ile kendimi korumayı öğreniyorum: Cinsel istismarı önleme programının etkililiği ["I am learning to protect myself with Mika": The effectiveness of a sexual abuse prevention program]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 2018; 33(81): 41-61.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Warraitch A, Amin R, Rashid A. Evaluation of a school-based sexual abuse prevention program for female children with intellectual disabilities in rural Pakistan- A feasibility study. Appl Nurs Res. 2021 Feb;57:151391. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151391. Epub 2020 Nov 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33549294 (View on PubMed)

Bustamante G, Andrade MS, Mikesell C, Cullen C, Endara P, Burneo V, Yepez P, Avila Saavedra S, Ponce P, Grunauer M. "I have the right to feel safe": Evaluation of a school-based child sexual abuse prevention program in Ecuador. Child Abuse Negl. 2019 May;91:31-40. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.02.009. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30822629 (View on PubMed)

Kim SJ, Kang KA. Effects of the Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Education (C-SAPE) Program on South Korean Fifth-Grade Students' Competence in Terms of Knowledge and Self-Protective Behaviors. J Sch Nurs. 2017 Apr;33(2):123-132. doi: 10.1177/1059840516664182. Epub 2016 Sep 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27573418 (View on PubMed)

Jones C, Scholes L, Rolfe B, Stieler-Hunt C. A serious-game for child sexual abuse prevention: An evaluation of orbit. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Sep;107:104569. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104569. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32535338 (View on PubMed)

Tutty LM. Child sexual abuse prevention programs: evaluating Who Do You Tell. Child Abuse Negl. 1997 Sep;21(9):869-81. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00048-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9298264 (View on PubMed)

Yılmaz Y, Cenkseven-Önder F. The Adaptation of Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire-Revised (CKAQ-R) to Turkish: Validity and reliability study. Elementary Education Online. 2020; 19(1): 384-392.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Related Links

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https://www.cebc4cw.org/topic/prevention-of-child-abuse-and-neglect-primary-programs/

The California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare. (CEBC). Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (Primary) Programs

Other Identifiers

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09.2020.172

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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