Dichoptic Treatment for Amblyopia in Children 4 to 7 Years of Age

NCT ID: NCT06380517

Last Updated: 2026-02-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

238 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-07-01

Study Completion Date

2028-01-01

Brief Summary

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In children 4 to 7 years of age, to determine if treatment with 1 hour per day 6 days per week of watching dichoptic movies/shows wearing the Luminopia headset is non-inferior to treatment with 2 hours of patching per day 7 days per week with respect to change in amblyopic eye distance VA from randomization to 26 weeks.

Detailed Description

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Participants eligible for the study will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either dichoptic treatment while wearing the Luminopia headset or patching treatment of the fellow eye for amblyopia with clinical assessments at 13, and 26-weeks post-randomization.

At the 26-week primary outcome visit, participants who were randomly assigned to receive patching treatment with an IOD of 1 logMAR line or more, will be offered Luminopia dichoptic therapy and if they accept, followed forward with visits at 39- and 52-weeks post-randomization.

The study will end for all other participants.

Conditions

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Amblyopia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Luminopia Group

watching dichoptic movies/shows wearing the Luminopia headset prescribed 1 hour per day (treatment time can be split into shorter sessions totaling 1 hour each day) 6 days a week with optical correction, if needed.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Luminopia

Intervention Type DEVICE

dichoptic movies/shows shown through a virtual reality headset

Patching Group

patching of the fellow eye 2 hours per day (treatment time can be split into shorter sessions totaling 2 hours each day) 7 days per week with optical correction, if needed.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Eye Patch

Intervention Type OTHER

Procedure in which the eye is covered utilizing a patch to increase the strength of the uncovered eye

Interventions

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Luminopia

dichoptic movies/shows shown through a virtual reality headset

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eye Patch

Procedure in which the eye is covered utilizing a patch to increase the strength of the uncovered eye

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Age 4 to 7 years.
2. Visual acuity, measured in each eye without cycloplegia in current refractive correction (if applicable) using the ATS-HOTV VA protocol on a study-approved device displaying single surrounded optotypes, as follows:

1. VA in the amblyopic eye 20/40 to 20/200 inclusive.
2. Age-normal VA in the fellow eye:44,45

• 4 years: 20/40 or better; 5-6 years: 20/32 or better; 7 years: 20/25 or better
3. Interocular difference ≥ 3 logMAR lines (i.e., amblyopic eye VA at least 3 logMAR lines worse than fellow eye VA).
3. Amblyopia associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both (previously treated or untreated).

1. Criteria for strabismic amblyopia: At least one of the following must be met:

* Presence of a heterotropia on examination at distance or near fixation (with optical correction), must be \<=5 prism diopters (∆) by SPCT at distance and near fixation (see #7 below).
* Documented history of strabismus which is no longer present (which in the judgment of the investigator could have caused amblyopia).
2. Criteria for anisometropia: At least one of the following criteria must be met:

* ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent (SE).
* ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes.
3. Criteria for combined-mechanism: Both of the following criteria must be met:

* A criterion for strabismus is met (see above).
* ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent OR ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes.
4. No more than 2 weeks (cumulative) of prior dichoptic treatment.
5. No treatment with cycloplegic eyedrops (e.g., atropine) in the past 2 weeks; other treatments allowed up to enrollment but then must be discontinued.
6. Refractive correction is required (single vision lenses or contact lenses) for any of the following refractive errors based on a cycloplegic refraction completed within the last 7 months:

* Hypermetropia of 2.50 D or more by SE
* Myopia of amblyopic eye of 0.50D or more SE
* Astigmatism of 1.00D or more
* Anisometropia of more than 0.50D SE

NOTE: Monocular or binocular contact lens wear is allowed provided the contact lenses meet the refractive error correction requirements below. For each child, all testing must be performed using the same form of optical correction (i.e., no changing between contacts and spectacles).
1. Spectacles/contact lens correction prescribing instructions referenced to the cycloplegic refraction completed within the last 7 months:

* SE must be within 0.50D of fully correcting the anisometropia (if new glasses are prescribed, reduction in plus sphere must be symmetric in the two eyes).
* SE must not be under corrected by more than 1.50D SE.
* Cylinder power in both eyes must be within 0.50D of fully correcting the astigmatism.
* Axis must be within +/- 10 degrees if cylinder power is ≤1.00D, and within +/- 5 degrees if cylinder power is \>1.00D.
* Myopia must not be under corrected by more than 0.25D or over corrected by more than 0.50D SE, and any change must be symmetrical in the two eyes.
2. Spectacles/contact lens correction (with or without other treatment such as patching) meeting the above criteria must be worn:

* For at least 18 weeks OR until VA stability is documented (defined as \<0.1 logMAR change by the same testing method measured on 2 consecutive exams at least 9 weeks apart).
* For determining VA stability (non-improvement):

* The first of two measurements may be made 1) in current correction, or 2) in trial frames with or without cycloplegia or 3) without correction (if new correction is prescribed),
* The second measurement must be made without cycloplegia in the correct spectacles/contact lens correction that has been worn for at least 9 weeks.
* NOTE: Because this determination is a pre-randomization, the method of measuring VA is not mandated.
7. Participant is willing to wear the Luminopia headset.
8. Participant is willing to continue full-time spectacles/contact lens wear (if needed).
9. Participant is willing to accept assignment to either dichoptic shows (view 1 hour per day 6 days per week) OR part-time patching (2 hours per day 7 days per week) for 26 weeks.
10. Interpupillary distance of 52mm to 72mm inclusive.
11. Investigator is willing to prescribe Luminopia or patching per protocol.
12. Parent understands the protocol and is willing to accept randomization.
13. Parent has phone (or access to phone) and is willing to be contacted by JAEB Center.
14. Relocation outside area of active PEDIG site within the next 52 weeks is not anticipated.

Individuals meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from study participation.

1. Heterotropia more than 5∆ at distance or near (measured by SPCT in current correction)
2. Prism lenses or need of a prism prescription at enrollment.
3. Current bifocal spectacles (eligible only if bifocal discontinued 2 weeks prior to enrollment).
4. Myopia greater than -6.00D spherical equivalent in either eye.
5. Previous intraocular or refractive surgery.
6. Known skin reactions to patch or bandage adhesives.
7. Ocular co-morbidity that may reduce VA determined by an ocular examination performed within the past 7 months (Note: nystagmus per se does not exclude the participant if the above visual acuity criteria are met using patch occlusion. Fogging is not permitted).
8. Diplopia more than once per week over the last week prior to enrollment by parental report.
9. History of light-induced seizures.
10. Severe developmental delay that would interfere with treatment or evaluation (in the opinion of the investigator). Participants with mild speech delay or reading and/or learning disabilities are not excluded.
11. Participation in a prior study involving patching for amblyopia
12. Immediate family member (biological or legal guardian, child, sibling, parent) of investigative site personnel directly affiliated with this study or an employee of the JAEB center for Health Research.
Minimum Eligible Age

4 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

7 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Eye Institute (NEI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group

NETWORK

Sponsor Role collaborator

Jaeb Center for Health Research

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Aparna Raghuram, OD, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Boston Children's Hospital/ Harvard Medical School

Kammi Gunton, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Wills Eye Hospital

Robert Henderson, MS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Jaeb Center for Health Research

Locations

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UAB Pediatric Eye Care; Birmingham Health Care

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Midwestern University Eye Institute

Glendale, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Phoenix Children's Medical Group - Ophthalmology

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Arkansas Childrens

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

McFarland Eye Care Center

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Univ. of California- Berkeley

Berkeley, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Southern California College of Optometry

Fullerton, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Univ of California, Irvine- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute

Irvine, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA)

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Jules Stein Eye Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Western University College of Optometry

Pomona, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of California, Davis

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego Dept of Ophthalmology

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of California San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of South Florida (USF) Eye

Tampa, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

The Emory Eye Center

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Illinois College of Optometry

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Midwestern University Eye Institute

Downers Grove, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Progressive Eye Care

Lisle, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Indiana School of Optometry

Bloomington, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Kansas Dept of Ophthalmology

Prairie Village, Kansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Greater Baltimore Medical Center

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Wilmer Eye Institute

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Specialized Pediatric Eye Care

Beverly, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

New England College of Optometry

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Boston Children's Hospital Waltham

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Michigan College of Optometry at Ferris State Univ

Big Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Corewell Health

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology, P.C.

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Eye Care PC

West Bloomfield, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Zenith Vision Development Center

Duluth, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Mayo Clinic Department of Ophthalmology

Rochester, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

PineCone Vision Center

Sartell, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ross Eye Institute, University of Buffalo, Med School Dept Ophthalmology

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

NYU Langone Health

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

State University of New York, College of Optometry

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Duke University Eye Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of North Dakota

Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Cincinnati Children's Hospital

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Cole Eye Institute

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology Associates, Inc.

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ohio State University College of Optometry

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Dept of Ophth

Mayfield Heights, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Eye Care Associates, Inc.

Poland, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Casey Eye Institute

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology of Erie

Erie, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Conestoga Eye

Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Wills Eye Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Prisma Health

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Storm Eye Institute

Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Southern College of Optometry

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Vanderbilt Children's Hospital

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Texas Children's Hospital - Dept. Of Ophthalmology

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Texas Tech University Health Science Center

Lubbock, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of the Incarnate Word

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Earl R. Crouch, III

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Virginia Pediatric Eye Center

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Spokane Eye Clinical Research

Spokane, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Gundersen Health System

La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Raymond T Kraker, MSPH

Role: CONTACT

813-975-8690

Brooke P Fimbel

Role: CONTACT

813-975-8690

Facility Contacts

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Alicia Feis, OD

Role: primary

623-806-7271

Jamila Hiasat, MD

Role: primary

602-933-3937

Jonathan M Holmes, MD

Role: primary

(520) 321-3677

Adriana P Grigorian, M.D.

Role: primary

Brita S Rook, MD

Role: primary

5012254488

Jennifer H Fisher, OD

Role: primary

510-642-2020

Susan A. Cotter, O.D.

Role: primary

714-449-7488

Kristine Huang, O.D.

Role: backup

714-449-7435

Donny Suh, MD, MBA

Role: primary

949-824-9089

Melinda Chang, MD

Role: primary

Stacy L Pineles, MD

Role: primary

310-825-2872

Tawna L Roberts, OD

Role: primary

650-724-7115

Ida Chung, OD

Role: primary

909-469-8687

Benjamin G Jastrzembski, MD

Role: primary

Lauren M Hennein, MD

Role: primary

858-309-7702 ext. 223669

Alejandra de Alba Campomanes, MD

Role: primary

415-353-2560

Martha Howard

Role: primary

203.785.2020 ext. 2

Syeda Basith

Role: primary

Carolina Adams, MD

Role: primary

(404) 778-4725

Sudhi Kurup, MD

Role: primary

312-227-6189

Yi Pang, OD, PhD

Role: primary

312-949-7287

Clinton R Prestwich, OD

Role: primary

630-743-4801

Patricia Davis, M.D.

Role: primary

630-245-0989

Katie W. Connolly, O.D.

Role: primary

812-856-0976

Sara J Downes

Role: primary

Emily C Broxterman, MD

Role: primary

913-588-6600

Allison A Jensen, MD

Role: primary

443-849-6341

Michael X Repka, MD

Role: primary

(410) 955-8314

Danielle M Ledoux, MD

Role: primary

Kristen L Kerber, OD

Role: primary

6175875790

Jenna Titelbaum, OD

Role: primary

617-414-2020

Aparna Raghuram, O.D., Ph.D.

Role: primary

617-355-6401

Jacqueline D Nguyen, OD

Role: primary

734-764-4163

Paula McDowell

Role: primary

231-591-2182

Brooke Geddie, DO

Role: primary

616-267-2605

Patrick Droste, MD

Role: primary

(616) 957-0866

Lisa Bohra, MD

Role: primary

248-254-8140

RaeAnn M Nordwall, OD

Role: primary

2182490685

Raymond G Areaux, M.D

Role: primary

612) 625-4120

Sasha Strul, M.D

Role: backup

Erick D Bothun, M.D.

Role: primary

(507) 284-3760

Kevy M Simmons, OD

Role: primary

320-258-3915

Justin Marsh, MD

Role: primary

816-701-1337

Jennifer Qayum, MD

Role: primary

816-701-1337

Samiksha Fouzdar Jain, MD

Role: primary

(402)559-2977

John H Lillvis, MD PhD

Role: primary

716-881-7900

Zachary Elkin, MD

Role: primary

Marilyn Vricella, OD

Role: primary

(212) 780-5182

Katherine O Whitfield, MD

Role: primary

919-966-5296

Nathan L Cheung, OD

Role: primary

David H Biberdorf

Role: primary

Michael Gray, MD

Role: primary

513-636-4751

Fatema F Ghasia, MD

Role: primary

2164444363

Catherine O Jordan, MD

Role: primary

(614) 224-6222

Marjean T Kulp, O.D.

Role: primary

(614) 688-3336

Maryo C Kohen, MD

Role: primary

4406841743

S. Ayse Erzurum, M.D.

Role: primary

330-746-7691

Allison Summers, OD

Role: primary

503-494-7830

Nicholas A Sala, D.O.

Role: primary

(814) 454-6307

David Silbert, MD

Role: primary

717-541-9700

Kammi B Gunton, MD

Role: primary

215-928-3914

Erin Jenewein, OD

Role: primary

(215) 276-6034

Katie Keck, MD

Role: primary

Amelia Bartholdi, RN

Role: backup

803-434-4328

James Bowsher

Role: primary

Marie Bodack, OD

Role: primary

(901) 722-3276

Sean P. Donahue, M.D., Ph.D.

Role: primary

Amit Bhatt, MD

Role: primary

(832) 822-3230

Lingkun Kong

Role: primary

832-283-1577

Raelyn Ottenbreit, OD

Role: primary

Earl R. Crouch, III, M.D.

Role: primary

(757) 461-0050

Eric Crouch, MD

Role: primary

757-461-0050

Vivian Manh, O.D., M.S.

Role: primary

206-987-4950

Jeffrey Colburn

Role: primary

509-456-0107

David L Nash, M.D.

Role: primary

608-775-0238

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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2UG1EY011751

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

ATS23

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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