A Randomized Trial to Evaluate Sequential vs Simultaneous Patching

NCT ID: NCT04378790

Last Updated: 2026-02-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

544 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-12-08

Study Completion Date

2028-05-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

A randomized trial to determine whether simultaneous treatment with spectacles and patching has an equivalent VA outcome compared with sequential treatment, first with spectacles alone followed by patching (if needed), for previously untreated amblyopia in children 3 to \<13 years of age.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

At an enrollment visit, distance VA will be measured in trial frames with or without cycloplegia based on a cycloplegic refraction performed within 30 days. If still apparently eligible, children will be prescribed spectacles and will then return for a spectacle baseline visit, where they will wear their new spectacles for the first time for at least 10 minutes (but no more than 24 hours) and will be tested in those new spectacles to confirm final eligibility prior to randomization.

Participants not found to be eligible in their new spectacles will end study participation. Participants eligible for the study will be randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: Sequential (spectacles alone) and then patching if needed (monitored by ODM), or Simultaneous (spectacles and patching monitored by ODM).

After randomization, follow-up visits will occur at 8-week intervals through 56 weeks. At each visit on or after the 8-week visit, participants will be classified as either: stable/worsening or improving; those stable/worsening are then classified as having either resolved or residual amblyopia, provided that the current and most recent previous visit were completed at least 6-weeks apart (target 8 weeks) and provided the required test and retest VA testing was completed. Participants who are stable/worsening and have residual amblyopia in the sequential group will start patching (monitored by ODM) and continue to be followed every 8 weeks. Participants in the simultaneous group, or in the sequential group after having advanced to patching, who are stable/worsening but have residual amblyopia will be released to treatment at investigator discretion.

All participants continue 8-weekly visits until 56 weeks when Study participation ends.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Amblyopia

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Sequential treatment

full-time spectacle correction first, with subsequent patching for 2 hours per day/7 days per week only if needed (no improvement (stable/worsening) and residual)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Patching

Intervention Type OTHER

Procedure in which the eye is covered utilizing a patch to increase the strength of the uncovered eye.

Glasses

Intervention Type OTHER

Eye Glasses are created and worn by patient to improve vision

Simultaneous treatment

full-time spectacle correction and part-time patching for 2 hours per day/7 days per week

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Patching

Intervention Type OTHER

Procedure in which the eye is covered utilizing a patch to increase the strength of the uncovered eye.

Glasses

Intervention Type OTHER

Eye Glasses are created and worn by patient to improve vision

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Patching

Procedure in which the eye is covered utilizing a patch to increase the strength of the uncovered eye.

Intervention Type OTHER

Glasses

Eye Glasses are created and worn by patient to improve vision

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Eye Patch Spectacles

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age 3 to \<13 years at the time of randomization
2. Amblyopia associated with anisometropia, strabismus, or both

o Criteria for strabismic amblyopia: At least one of the following must be met:
* Presence of a heterotropia on examination at distance or near fixation (with or without optical correction)
* Documented history of strabismus which is no longer present (which in the judgment of the investigator could have caused amblyopia)

* Criteria for anisometropia: At least one of the following criteria must be met:

* 1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent (SE)
* 1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
* Criteria for combined-mechanism amblyopia: Both of the following criteria must be met:
* Criteria for strabismus are met (see above)

* 1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent OR ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
3. No previous treatment for amblyopia, including no more than 24 hours of spectacle wear.
4. Investigator planning to initiate spectacle correction of refractive error meeting the following criteria based on a cycloplegic refraction that has been performed within 30 days:

1. Full correction of anisometropia
2. Full correction of astigmatism with the same axis found by the cycloplegic refraction
3. Full correction of any myopia
4. Hyperopia must not be under corrected by more than 1.50 D, and reduction in plus sphere must be symmetric in the two eyes.
5. At enrollment, single VA measured in each eye assessed in trial frames with the spectacle correction the investigator plans to prescribe, using the investigator's routine method as follows:

* VA in the amblyopic eye 20/40 to 20/200 inclusive.
* Age-normal VA in the fellow eye:40,41

* 3 years: 0.4 logMAR (20/50) or better
* 4 years: 0.3 logMAR (20/40) or better
* 5-6 years: 0.2 logMAR (20/32) or better
* 7-12 years: 0.12 logMAR (78 letters) or better
* Interocular difference ≥ 3 logMAR lines (0.3 logMAR) or ≥ 15 letters o When participants return for the Spectacle Baseline / Randomization Visit with their new spectacles, they will need to meet the same criteria as above using the ATS-HOTV or E-ETDRS protocol after wearing the new spectacles for at least 10 minutes (based upon the mean of a test and retest of VA in those new spectacles).
6. Investigator is willing to prescribe spectacle wear followed sequentially by patching or simultaneous spectacles and patching treatment per protocol.
7. Parent understands the protocol and is willing to accept randomization.
8. Parent has phone (or access to phone) and is willing to be contacted by Jaeb Center staff or other study staff.
9. Relocation outside of area of an active PEDIG site for this study within the next 56 weeks is not anticipated.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Myopia greater than -6.00 D spherical equivalent in either eye.
2. Previous intraocular or refractive surgery.
3. Planned strabismus surgery in the next 56 weeks.
4. Any previous treatment for amblyopia (patching, atropine, Bangerter filter, vision therapy, or binocular treatment).
5. Previous spectacle or contact lens wear for more than 24 hours.
6. Parent and participant willing to forego option of contact lens wear for the duration of the study.
7. Ocular co-morbidity that may reduce VA determined by an ocular examination performed within the past 7 months (Note: nystagmus per se does not exclude the participant if the above VA criteria are met).
8. Severe developmental delay that would interfere with treatment or evaluation (in the opinion of the investigator). Participants with mild speech delay or reading and/or learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not excluded.
9. Known allergy to adhesive patches.
10. Known allergy to silicone.
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

13 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

National Eye Institute (NEI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group

NETWORK

Sponsor Role collaborator

Jaeb Center for Health Research

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Vivian Manh

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington

Michael Gray

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

UAB Pediatric Eye Care; Birmingham Health Care

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Midwestern University Eye Institute

Glendale, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Arizonia Pediatric Eye Specialists

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Univ. of California- Berkeley

Berkeley, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshall B. Ketchum University

Fullerton, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Univ of California, Irvine- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute

Irvine, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Loma Linda University Health Care, Dept. of Ophthalmology

Loma Linda, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA)

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Western University College of Optometry

Pomona, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of California, Davis

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of California San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Eye Physicians & Surgeons, PC

Milford, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, The Eye Institute

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nemours Children's Clinic

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of South Florida (USF) Eye

Tampa, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

St Luke's Hospital

Boise, Idaho, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ticho Eye Associates

Chicago Ridge, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Midwestern U Chicago College of Optometry

Downers Grove, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Progressive Eye Care

Lisle, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Indiana School of Optometry

Bloomington, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Indiana University School of Optometry

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Wolfe Eye Clinic

West Des Moines, Iowa, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Wilmer Eye Institute

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Boston Children's Hospital Waltham

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Corewell Health

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology, P.C.

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Zenith Vision Development Center

Duluth, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Mayo Clinic

Rochester, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

PineCone Vision Center

Sartell, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Louis Children's Hospital Eye Center

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

U of MO St. Louis College of Optometry

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ross Eye Institute, University of Buffalo, Med School Dept Ophthalmology

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

NYU Langone Health

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

State University of New York, College of Optometry

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Duke University Eye Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Akron Children's Hospital

Akron, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Cincinnati Children's Hospital

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ohio State University College of Optometry

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Dean A. McGee Eye Institute

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

River View Family Eyecare

Albany, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Casey Eye Institute

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pediatric Ophthalmology of Erie

Erie, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Conestoga Eye

Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Wills Eye Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Salus University/Pennsylvania College of Optometry

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UPMC Children's Eye Center of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Prisma Health

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Southern College of Optometry

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Eye Institute

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Pediatric Eye Specialists, LLP

Fort Worth, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Texas Tech University Health Science Center

Lubbock, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of the Incarnate Word

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

San Antonio Eye Center

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Incarnate Word Rosenberg School of Optometry

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Rocky Mountain Eye Care Associates

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Virginia Pediatric Eye Center

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Spokane Eye Clinical Research

Spokane, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Snowy Range Vision Center

Laramie, Wyoming, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Raymond T Kraker, MSPH

Role: CONTACT

813-975-8690

Brooke P Fimbel

Role: CONTACT

813-975-8690

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Katherine Weise, OD, MBA

Role: primary

205-934-6739

Alicia Feis, OD

Role: primary

623-806-7271

James L Plotnik, MD

Role: primary

480-513-6920

Jonathan M Holmes, MD

Role: primary

(520) 321-3677

Jennifer H Fisher, OD

Role: primary

510-642-2020

Angela Chen, O.D., M.S.

Role: primary

714-449-7432

Donny Suh, MD, MBA

Role: primary

949-824-9089

Timothy Winter, M.D.

Role: primary

909-558-2168

Melinda Chang, MD

Role: primary

Tawna L Roberts, OD

Role: primary

650-724-7115

Ida Chung, OD

Role: primary

909-469-8687

Benjamin G Jastrzembski, MD

Role: primary

Alejandra de Alba Campomanes, MD

Role: primary

415-353-2560

Jennifer A Galvin, MD

Role: primary

203-795-0766

Micheal Au, OD

Role: primary

954-262-1426

John Erickson, OD

Role: primary

904-697-3775

Syeda Basith

Role: primary

Kevin Gertsch, MD

Role: primary

Bahram Rahmani, MD

Role: primary

312-227-6189

Benjamin Ticho

Role: primary

708-423-4070

Samantha Rice, O.D

Role: primary

630-743-4500

Patricia Davis, M.D.

Role: primary

630-245-0989

Don W. Lyon, O.D.

Role: primary

317-856-1964

Kathryn M Haider, MD

Role: primary

317-944-8103

Derek Bitner, MD

Role: primary

(800) 542-7957

Michael X Repka, MD

Role: primary

(410) 955-8314

Stephen Christiansen, MD

Role: primary

617-414-2020

Aparna Raghuram, O.D., Ph.D.

Role: primary

617-355-6401

Brooke Geddie, DO

Role: primary

616-267-2605

Patrick Droste, MD

Role: primary

(616) 957-0866

RaeAnn M Nordwall, OD

Role: primary

2182490685

Erick D Bothun

Role: primary

Kevy M Simmons, OD

Role: primary

320-258-3915

Jennifer Qayum, MD

Role: primary

816-701-1337

Margaret M Reynolds, MD

Role: primary

(314) 454-6026

Erin Brooks

Role: primary

314-516-5808

Samiksha Jain, MD

Role: primary

John H Lillvis, MD PhD

Role: primary

716-881-7900

Zachary Elkin, MD

Role: primary

Marilyn Vricella, OD

Role: primary

(212) 780-5182

Katherine O Whitfield, MD

Role: primary

919-966-5296

Nathan L Cheung, OD

Role: primary

Cassandra S Solis, O.D

Role: primary

330-543-5150

Michael Gray, MD

Role: primary

513-636-4751

Marjean T Kulp, O.D.

Role: primary

(614) 688-3336

Maria E Lim

Role: primary

Aaron D Salzano, OD

Role: primary

541-967-3097

Allison Summers, OD

Role: primary

503-494-7830

Nicholas A Sala, D.O.

Role: primary

(814) 454-6307

David Silbert, MD

Role: primary

717-541-9700

Kammi B Gunton, MD

Role: primary

215-928-3914

Erin Jenewein, OD

Role: primary

(215) 276-6000

Ken Nischal, MD

Role: primary

412-692-5918

Katie Keck, MD

Role: primary

Amelia Bartholdi, RN

Role: backup

803-434-4328

Marie Bodack, OD

Role: primary

(901) 722-3276

Lori Ann Kehler, OD

Role: primary

615-936-2020

Michael G Hunt, MD

Role: primary

Irene T Tung, MD

Role: primary

832-822-3230

Lingkun Kong

Role: primary

832-283-1577

Raelyn Ottenbreit, OD

Role: primary

manpreet Chhabra

Role: primary

210-226-6169 ext. 1005

Aubrey D Breithaupt, OD

Role: primary

210-283-6881

David Petersen, MD

Role: primary

801-264-4450

Eric Crouch, MD

Role: primary

757-461-0050

Vivian Manh, O.D., M.S.

Role: primary

206-987-4950

Jeffrey Colburn

Role: primary

509-456-0107

Amy Aldrich

Role: primary

307-742-2020

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2UG1EY011751

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

ATS22

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

AR Training in Adults With Unilateral Amblyopia
NCT06704737 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING NA