The Fragility of Metaphors (FraMe): Learning, Loosing, and How to Train Them

NCT ID: NCT06375902

Last Updated: 2025-01-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION

Total Enrollment

64 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-07-12

Study Completion Date

2025-10-31

Brief Summary

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Tracking down the difficulties in metaphor comprehension experienced by individuals with schizophrenia across different metaphor types and exploring the neurological correlates via EEG recording technique

Detailed Description

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The investigators will address the following objectives:

* Primary Objective: Tracking down the difficulties in metaphor comprehension experienced by individuals with schizophrenia across different metaphor types and exploring the neurological correlates via EEG recording technique
* Secondary Objectives: 1) Evaluate the interactions between performances in metaphor comprehension and individual differences in psychopathology, cognition, ToM and functioning; 2) Test if the altered neurophysiological patterns associated to the fragility of metaphor comprehension in schizophrenia can be restored through a rehabilitative training

The investigators will enroll 32 schizophrenic patients and 32 healthy subjects as control sample.

Participants will undergo an initial visit with a specialist psychiatrist who will verify that their conditions meet the criteria required by the study. Then, subjects will be tested for metaphor comprehension, as well as for the other variables included in the study, and the electrical brain activity will be registered through a 128 channel EEG.

In the check-up visits (i.e., after the training) the following data will be collected:

* Scores relating to cognitive, pragmatic (understanding of metaphors), theory of mind and global functioning performance scores
* EEG recordings related to the process of understanding metaphors
* Scores on scales that evaluate psychopathological severity

Conditions

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Schizophrenia; Psychosis

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Schizophrenia group

We will enroll 32 patients selected according to the presence of Schizophrenia diagnosis (DSM V criteria), which will be tested for metaphor comprehension, as well as for the other variables included in the study, and the electrical brain activity will be registered through a 128 channel EEG.

Patients will be assigned either to a rehabilitative training (PragmaCom), or to a standard rehabilitative program to test if the altered neurophysiological patterns associated to the fragility of metaphor comprehension in schizophrenia can be restored.

PragmaCom

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cognitive behavioral intervention targeting the ability to understand metaphors

Healthy controls group

32 healthy subjects, as control sample, that will be tested for metaphor comprehension, as well as for the other variables included in the study, and the electrical brain activity will be registered through a 128 channel EEG.

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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PragmaCom

Cognitive behavioral intervention targeting the ability to understand metaphors

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

For patients:

* Age between 18 and 65 years
* Diagnosis of Schizophrenia according to DSM V criteria
* Ability to provide informed consent

For healthy controls:

* Age between 18 and 65 years
* Ability to provide informed consent
* Absence of psychiatric pathologies
* Ability to speak Italian

Exclusion Criteria

For patients:

* Intellectual disability
* Neurological disorder

For healthy controls:

* Presence of psychiatric pathologies
* Difficulties in speaking Italian
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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IRCCS San Raffaele

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Marta Bosia

Prof.ssa

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Mart Bosia, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Vita-Salute San Raffaele University

Locations

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IRCCS San Raffaele

Milan, Italy, Italy

Site Status

Countries

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Italy

References

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Bambini V, Agostoni G, Buonocore M, Tonini E, Bechi M, Ferri I, Sapienza J, Martini F, Cuoco F, Cocchi F, Bischetti L, Cavallaro R, Bosia M. It is time to address language disorders in schizophrenia: A RCT on the efficacy of a novel training targeting the pragmatics of communication (PragmaCom). J Commun Disord. 2022 May-Jun;97:106196. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106196. Epub 2022 Feb 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35526293 (View on PubMed)

Thoma P, Daum I. Neurocognitive mechanisms of figurative language processing--evidence from clinical dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(8):1182-205. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.09.001. Epub 2006 Oct 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17079014 (View on PubMed)

Harvey PD, Bowie CR, Friedman JI. Cognition in schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2001 Oct;3(5):423-8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-996-0038-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11559481 (View on PubMed)

Rossetti I, Brambilla P, Papagno C. Metaphor Comprehension in Schizophrenic Patients. Front Psychol. 2018 May 9;9:670. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00670. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29867648 (View on PubMed)

Rapp AM, Felsenheimer AK, Langohr K, Klupp M. The Comprehension of Familiar and Novel Metaphoric Meanings in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol. 2018 Jan 5;8:2251. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02251. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29354082 (View on PubMed)

Bambini V, Arcara G, Bosinelli F, Buonocore M, Bechi M, Cavallaro R, Bosia M. A leopard cannot change its spots: A novel pragmatic account of concretism in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia. 2020 Mar 2;139:107332. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107332. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31923528 (View on PubMed)

Mossaheb N, Aschauer HN, Stoettner S, Schmoeger M, Pils N, Raab M, Willinger U. Comprehension of metaphors in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2014 May;55(4):928-37. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.021. Epub 2014 Jan 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24556517 (View on PubMed)

Bambini V, Bertini C, Schaeken W, Stella A, Di Russo F. Disentangling Metaphor from Context: An ERP Study. Front Psychol. 2016 May 3;7:559. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00559. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27199799 (View on PubMed)

De Grauwe S, Swain A, Holcomb PJ, Ditman T, Kuperberg GR. Electrophysiological insights into the processing of nominal metaphors. Neuropsychologia. 2010 Jun;48(7):1965-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.017. Epub 2010 Mar 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20307557 (View on PubMed)

Iakimova G, Passerieux C, Laurent JP, Hardy-Bayle MC. ERPs of metaphoric, literal, and incongruous semantic processing in schizophrenia. Psychophysiology. 2005 Jul;42(4):380-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00303.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16008767 (View on PubMed)

Adamczyk P, Jani M, Ligeza TS, Plonka O, Bladzinski P, Wyczesany M. On the Role of Bilateral Brain Hypofunction and Abnormal Lateralization of Cortical Information Flow as Neural Underpinnings of Conventional Metaphor Processing Impairment in Schizophrenia: An fMRI and EEG Study. Brain Topogr. 2021 Jul;34(4):537-554. doi: 10.1007/s10548-021-00849-x. Epub 2021 May 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33973137 (View on PubMed)

Bambini V, Tonini E, Ceccato I, Lecce S, Marocchini E, Cavallini E. How to improve social communication in aging: Pragmatic and cognitive interventions. Brain Lang. 2020 Dec;211:104864. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104864. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33137591 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2022289RNA

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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