The Effect of Ketone Ester Supplementation and Ketogenic Diet on Brain Plasticity in Overweight/Obese Adults

NCT ID: NCT06368297

Last Updated: 2024-04-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-04-30

Study Completion Date

2024-08-31

Brief Summary

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This project comprises an initial crossover placebo-controlled neurophysiological study to ascertain the effect of acute ketone ester ingestion on motor cortex plasticity, followed by a second 2-week intervention study aimed to compare the effect of a ketogenic diet versus ketone ester supplementation on motor cortex plasticity, resting brain function and structure, and metabolic and neuroendocrine responses.

Detailed Description

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The study initially makes a bold attempt to explore whether the ketone supplementation would induce improvements in the overweight/ obese population's brain health via altering motor cortex plasticity, brain function and structure, and metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. The study's aims include:

* assessing changes in brain plasticity associated with excessive body weight and/or obesity.
* evaluating the potential of ketone monoester supplementation in enhancing brain plasticity.
* evaluating the potential of ketone monoester supplementation in correcting impaired brain plasticity due to excessive body weight.
* evaluating the impact of short-term ketogenic dieting and ketone monoester supplementation on brain plasticity.
* investigating structural and functional brain adaptations to short-term ketogenic dieting and ketone supplementation.
* assessing the relationship between changes in brain plasticity and the brain's structural and functional adaptations and changes in circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and key central acting hormones (i.e., insulin and leptin) due to ketogenic dieting and ketone monoester supplementation.

Conditions

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Overweight and Obesity Cognitive Change Psychophysiologic Reaction

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Acute effect of ketone monoester supplementation

To investigate the acute effect of ketone monoester ingestion on brain cortical plasticity using high-frequency rTMS.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ketone Monoester Supplementation

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Exogenous ketones are a class of ketone bodies that are ingested using nutritional supplements or foods. This class of ketone bodies refers to the three water-soluble ketones (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate \[β-HB\], and acetone).

Effects of a 2-week ketogenic diet or ketone monoester supplementation

To evaluate the impact of short-term ketogenic dieting and ketone monoester supplementation on brain plasticity.

To investigate structural and functional brain adaptations to short-term ketogenic dieting and ketone supplementation.

To assess the relationship between changes in brain plasticity and the brain's structural and functional adaptations and changes in circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and key central acting hormones (i.e., insulin and leptin) due to ketogenic dieting and ketone monoester supplementation.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ketone Monoester Supplementation

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Exogenous ketones are a class of ketone bodies that are ingested using nutritional supplements or foods. This class of ketone bodies refers to the three water-soluble ketones (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate \[β-HB\], and acetone).

Ketogenic diet

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The ketogenic diet typically reduces total carbohydrate intake to less than 50 grams a day-less than the amount found in a medium plain bagel-and can be as low as 20 grams a day. Generally, popular ketogenic resources suggest an average of 70-80% fat from total daily calories, 5-10% carbohydrate, and 10-20% protein.

Interventions

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Ketone Monoester Supplementation

Exogenous ketones are a class of ketone bodies that are ingested using nutritional supplements or foods. This class of ketone bodies refers to the three water-soluble ketones (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate \[β-HB\], and acetone).

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Ketogenic diet

The ketogenic diet typically reduces total carbohydrate intake to less than 50 grams a day-less than the amount found in a medium plain bagel-and can be as low as 20 grams a day. Generally, popular ketogenic resources suggest an average of 70-80% fat from total daily calories, 5-10% carbohydrate, and 10-20% protein.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Body mass index (BMI) \> 25 and \< 35 kg/m2 (overweight/obese group) or BMI \> 18.5 and \< 25 kg/m2 (healthy weight group);
* Right-handed.

Exclusion Criteria

* Presenting any established counter indication for transcranial magnetic stimulation;
* Currently taking any medication affecting the central or the peripheral nervous system;
* Suffering from any psychiatric, neurologic, cardiovascular, or metabolic disease, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus;
* Undertaking surgery in the past six months;
* Engaged in resistance training.
* Pregnancy;
* Breastfeeding;
* Being amenorrhea.
Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

50 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Macau

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Zhaowei Kong, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Macau

Central Contacts

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Zhaowei Kong, PhD

Role: CONTACT

8822 8730 ext. 853

Zhen Yuan, PhD

Role: CONTACT

8822 2314 ext. 853

References

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Falkenhain K, Daraei A, Forbes SC, Little JP. Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2022 Oct 2;13(5):1697-1714. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac036.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35380602 (View on PubMed)

Evans M, McClure TS, Koutnik AP, Egan B. Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future. Sports Med. 2022 Dec;52(Suppl 1):25-67. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01756-2. Epub 2022 Oct 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36214993 (View on PubMed)

Kesl SL, Poff AM, Ward NP, Fiorelli TN, Ari C, Van Putten AJ, Sherwood JW, Arnold P, D'Agostino DP. Effects of exogenous ketone supplementation on blood ketone, glucose, triglyceride, and lipoprotein levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2016 Feb 4;13:9. doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0069-y. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26855664 (View on PubMed)

Walsh JJ, Neudorf H, Little JP. 14-Day Ketone Supplementation Lowers Glucose and Improves Vascular Function in Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 25;106(4):e1738-e1754. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa925.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33367782 (View on PubMed)

Yu Q, Wong KK, Lei OK, Armada-da-Silva PAS, Wu Z, Nie J, Shi Q, Kong Z. Acute ketone monoester supplementation in young adults: modulating metabolic and neurocognitive functions across body weights. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2025 Jan 1;50:1-12. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0229. Epub 2024 Oct 17.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39418669 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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BSERE22-APP007-FED

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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