Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
4581 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-02-15
2024-03-15
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The primary outcomes are noticing a nutrition label and recognition of the label. Secondary outcomes are knowledge of items that are high in added sugar and perceived message effectiveness (PME) of labels.
For dichotomous outcomes (e.g., noticing the label, recalling label meaning), the investigators will directly estimate the probability ratio using Poisson regression with a robust error variance, regressing the outcome on an indicator for the level of the factor. For continuous outcomes (e.g., knowledge, PME scale), the investigators will use linear regression models regressing the outcome on an indicator for experimental condition.
A critical alpha 0.05 will be used, and statistical tests will be two-tailed. Exploratory outcomes include selection of ≥1 item high in added sugar and grams of sugar ordered from each menu, analyzed using the methods described above. The investigators will also explore proportions or means for the following process measures about reactions to the warning labels: Perception that the labels grabbed attention and support for an added sugars warning label policy. Additionally, the investigators will explore differences in the primary outcomes between each of the 24 unique conditions. If there is evidence of interactions between label elements, investigators will modify the modeling approach to account for those interactions (e.g., using interaction terms and stratified models).The investigators will use multiple testing corrections for families of outcomes (primary and secondary).
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Left, black, icon only, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, black, icon plus text, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, black, boxed icon, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, black, icon only, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, black, icon plus text, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, black, boxed icon, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, red, icon only, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, red, icon plus text, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, red, boxed icon, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, red, icon only, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, red, icon plus text, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, red, boxed icon, 100% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, black, icon only, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, black, icon plus text, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, black, icon only, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, black, icon plus text, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, red, icon only, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, red, icon plus text, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, red, icon only, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, red, icon plus text, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, red, boxed icon, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Left, black, boxed icon, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, red, boxed icon, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Right, black, boxed icon, 150% height
Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.
Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Interventions
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Menu label
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Less than 100 years of age
* English-speaking
* U.S. residents
* Participants will reflect the U.S. Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age
Exclusion Criteria
* Completing the survey in less than 33% of the median completion time
18 Years
99 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of California, Davis
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Jennifer Falbe
Associate Professor
Principal Investigators
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Jennifer Falbe, ScD, MPH
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of California, Davis
Locations
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University of California, Davis
Davis, California, United States
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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1641776-1
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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