Menu Label Noticeability

NCT ID: NCT06204913

Last Updated: 2025-02-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

4581 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-02-15

Study Completion Date

2024-03-15

Brief Summary

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To assess the relative noticeability of the following added-sugar menu label elements using a factorial experiment: label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item).

Detailed Description

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The objective of this aim is to assess the relative noticeability of legally-viable added-sugar menu label characteristics. The investigators will use a between-subject experiment with a factorial design. Participants will be randomized to label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item). This results in 24 arms of the experiment.

The primary outcomes are noticing a nutrition label and recognition of the label. Secondary outcomes are knowledge of items that are high in added sugar and perceived message effectiveness (PME) of labels.

For dichotomous outcomes (e.g., noticing the label, recalling label meaning), the investigators will directly estimate the probability ratio using Poisson regression with a robust error variance, regressing the outcome on an indicator for the level of the factor. For continuous outcomes (e.g., knowledge, PME scale), the investigators will use linear regression models regressing the outcome on an indicator for experimental condition.

A critical alpha 0.05 will be used, and statistical tests will be two-tailed. Exploratory outcomes include selection of ≥1 item high in added sugar and grams of sugar ordered from each menu, analyzed using the methods described above. The investigators will also explore proportions or means for the following process measures about reactions to the warning labels: Perception that the labels grabbed attention and support for an added sugars warning label policy. Additionally, the investigators will explore differences in the primary outcomes between each of the 24 unique conditions. If there is evidence of interactions between label elements, investigators will modify the modeling approach to account for those interactions (e.g., using interaction terms and stratified models).The investigators will use multiple testing corrections for families of outcomes (primary and secondary).

Conditions

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Noticing Nutrition Information Recalling Nutrition Information

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators

Study Groups

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Left, black, icon only, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, black, icon plus text, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, black, boxed icon, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, black, icon only, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, black, icon plus text, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, black, boxed icon, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, red, icon only, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, red, icon plus text, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, red, boxed icon, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, red, icon only, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, red, icon plus text, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, red, boxed icon, 100% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, black, icon only, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, black, icon plus text, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, black, icon only, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, black, icon plus text, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, red, icon only, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, red, icon plus text, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, red, icon only, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, red, icon plus text, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, red, boxed icon, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Left, black, boxed icon, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, red, boxed icon, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Right, black, boxed icon, 150% height

Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Menu label

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Interventions

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Menu label

Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Equal or greater than 18 years of age-
* Less than 100 years of age
* English-speaking
* U.S. residents
* Participants will reflect the U.S. Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age

Exclusion Criteria

* Failing the attention check question
* Completing the survey in less than 33% of the median completion time
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

99 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of California, Davis

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jennifer Falbe

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jennifer Falbe, ScD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, Davis

Locations

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University of California, Davis

Davis, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Other Identifiers

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1641776-1

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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