The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Virtual Reality Use in Inured Athletes

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-04-05

Study Completion Date

2025-02-07

Brief Summary

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In this study, which aimed to develop a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol enriched with Virtual Reality (VR) to address the psychological responses that arise after ACL surgery, and to examine the effectiveness of this protocol. The effectiveness of the protocol was assessed using pre-test, post-test, and two follow-up measurements with the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), the Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI). Anxiety levels during VR exposure sessions were measured through biofeedback and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS).

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Detailed Description

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In this study, which aimed to develop a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol enriched with Virtual Reality (VR) to address the psychological responses that arise after ACL surgery, and to examine the effectiveness of this protocol. The protocol was developed in 5 stages and a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 athletes to test its effectiveness. The study consisted of 3 experimental and 2 control groups. One of the control group was a plasebo control group.The effectiveness of the protocol was assessed using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements with the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), the Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI). Anxiety levels during VR exposure sessions were measured through biofeedback and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS).

Conditions

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Re-injury Anxiety Kinesiophobia Poor Rehabilitation Adherence Poor Rehabilitation Self Efficacy Return to Sport

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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CBT+VR (Cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

CBT+VR (Cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality)

Intervention Type OTHER

The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Control

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Control (placebo) group

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The investigators are testing whether the placebo control protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Control Group

This arm have no intervention during the research. They only had been followed up by researchers

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

Intervention Type OTHER

The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

VR (Virtual reality)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

VR (Virtual reality)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Interventions

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CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Intervention Type OTHER

CBT+VR (Cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality)

The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Intervention Type OTHER

Control (placebo) group

The investigators are testing whether the placebo control protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

VR (Virtual reality)

The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Volunteering to participate in the study
* Have had an ACL injury operation
* Be between the ages of 18 and 45
* To be a professional athlete in Turkish leagues
* Being an athlete in football, volleyball, and basketball

Exclusion Criteria

* Having a discomfort that prevents participants from participating in VR sessions (panic attack, epilepsy, etc.)
* Having decided to quit sports even if participants will continue rehabilitation after the operation

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No