Combined Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Physical, Menstrual and Psychological Health of Adolescent Girls.

NCT ID: NCT06048939

Last Updated: 2023-09-21

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 24 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-06-22
• Study Completion Date: 2024-01-20

Brief Summary

This study proposes to find out the Combined Effect of Aerobic & Resistance Training on physical, menstrual and psychological health of Adolescent Girls. The study results will be helpful to explore the mode and intensity of aerobic and resistance exercise and for creating strategies for improving the lifestyle of the adolescents by adopting the appropriate exercise guidelines.

Detailed Description

Adolescence is a time of rapid growth and development as well as a crucial time for the formation of behaviors connected to one's health (1). This stage is characterized by simultaneous hormonal, psychological, and physical changes. Regular exercise is an essential part of an all-encompassing plan to protect against numerous risk factors Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and low cardio respiratory fitness are strong risk factors for morbidity and mortality. There is emerging evidence to link increased time spent using screens for leisure, with poorer mental health experiences among adolescents. Research has shown that physical activity can play a vital role in improving both their physical and psychological well-being.

The evidence suggests that moderate aerobic exercise can have a positive impact on menstrual cycle regularity and reducing menstrual pain. Resistance training can increase the levels of various hormones and neurotransmitters like endorphins, dopamine, serotonin, and nor epinephrine in the brain that are attributed to improved mood and reduced feelings of anxiety.

Aerobic exercise is performed by repeating sequences of light-to-moderate intensity activities for extended periods of time. Exercises are typically done at 60-70% of heart rate, while resistance training, also known as strength training, uses external resistance to enhance muscle mass, strength, tone, balance, and mental well-being Previous studies show that engaging adolescents in resistance or combined training is essential to the maintenance and/or improving muscular fitness. Another study reported both HIIT and MICT appear to be similarly effective on risk factors of CVD. Incorporating diverse exercises in physical education classes for adolescent girls improves overall fitness, benefiting their long-term health and well-being. The 2017 study highlighted the importance of expert trainers, supervision, and customized weight training in resistance training for children and adolescents, leading to improved physical fitness. Regular physical activity can reduce leptin levels and relax abdominal muscles, leading to pain relief and enhanced quality of life. Ginger, aerobic exercise, and stretching exercises can alleviate physical symptoms and reduce pain intensity and duration in girls with dysmenorrhea by promoting blood flow and metabolism in the uterus. Regular aerobic exercise reduces negative mood states and physical symptoms in women during the menstrual cycle, consistent with previous studies.

Aerobic exercise alleviates dysmenorrhea symptoms by releasing natural painkillers and suppressing the release of pain-causing prostaglandins during menstruation. Aerobic exercise may help reduce menstrual pain by increasing blood flow to working muscles, potentially relieving congestion.

Evidence demonstrates that menstrual cycle irregularity, which is most frequently addressed in adolescence, is also linked to sedentary lifestyle, psychological stress, and aggressive physical activity. There is a tonne of data that aerobic and resistance training affects vascular function, obesity, and diabetes.

The lack of research on the effects of aerobic and resistance training on adolescent girls' physical fitness, mental health, and menstrual cycle underscores the importance of understanding how physical activity influences these variables. A study found that Resistance band training for 8 weeks improved mood, behavior, and physical menstrual symptoms in non-athletic teenage girls with premenstrual syndrome. A study found that participating in an 8-week aerobic exercise program significantly reduced dysmenorrhea severity in medical students compared to a control group, as observed in the first and second menstrual cycles after the intervention. A study conducted in 2022 by a medical student found that vigorous exercise during menstruation can lead to increased estrogen and progesterone levels, resulting in more menstrual pain due to increased blood flow.

Evidence shows irregularity in menstrual cycle addressed most commonly in adolescents is associated with sedentary life style and psychological stress. The idea that exercise might help to relieve menstrual pain is not new. Aerobic exercise is one of the exercise option whose significant effects were seen in dysmenorrhea and pre-menstural symptoms. Gap regarding relief in menstrual cycle symtopms with resistance exercises is need to be filled. Furthermore no such study was done to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on menstrual, physical and psychological health of adolescent girls at a time. Therefore current study proposes to find out the Combined Effect of Aerobic & Resistance Training on these problems of Adolescent Girls. The study results will be helpful to explore the mode and intensity of resistance exercise and for creating strategies for improving the lifestyle of the adolescents by adopting the appropriate exercise guidelines.

Conditions

Psychological Well-Being

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

aerobic and resistance training

moderate intensity aerobic and body weight resistance training on female adolescents.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

moderate intensity aerobic training and body weight resistance training

Intervention Type: OTHER

Bodyweight Resistance exercises Frequency: twice a week Intensity: moderate Time: 40 Minutes Warm up: 10mins Rotations and Dynamic stretches Body weight resistance Exercises: 20mins Calf raises (1 x 10-15 Reps) Squats (1 x 10-15 Reps) Lunges (1 x 10-15 Reps on each side) Modified push-ups (1 x 10-15 Reps) Bridging (1 x 10-15 Reps) Plank hold (10 Seconds) Side planks (10 Seconds each side) Cool down: 10 mins Slow marching and static stretches for next 6 weeks progression will be made by adding one more set of same exercises Aerobic training: Frequency: 2 Days per week Intensity: 60% of maximum heart rate. Time: 45 Minutes Exercise Protocol Warm up: 10mins Rotations and Dynamic stretches

Aerobic exercises will be same as given to control group

aerobic training

moderate intensity aerobic and body weight resistance training on female adolescents.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

moderate intensity aerobic training

Intervention Type: OTHER

Aerobic Exercises Frequency: 2 Days per week Intensity: 60% of maximum heart rate. Time: 45 Minutes Warm up: 10mins Rotations and Dynamic stretches Aerobic exercises: 25 mins

(1 minute of each exercise with 60 seconds rest and repeating the same sequence for 1 minute.) Exercises will be performed at slow pace Marching, Single step touch, Step touches front and back, Double step touch, "V" step, knee lift, leg curl , forward walk, reach outs, lunge side and back, "L" Step, jumping jacks Cool down: 10 mins Slow marching and static stretches for next 6weeks progression will be made by increasing speed of same exercises

Interventions

moderate intensity aerobic training and body weight resistance training

Bodyweight Resistance exercises Frequency: twice a week Intensity: moderate Time: 40 Minutes Warm up: 10mins Rotations and Dynamic stretches Body weight resistance Exercises: 20mins Calf raises (1 x 10-15 Reps) Squats (1 x 10-15 Reps) Lunges (1 x 10-15 Reps on each side) Modified push-ups (1 x 10-15 Reps) Bridging (1 x 10-15 Reps) Plank hold (10 Seconds) Side planks (10 Seconds each side) Cool down: 10 mins Slow marching and static stretches for next 6 weeks progression will be made by adding one more set of same exercises Aerobic training: Frequency: 2 Days per week Intensity: 60% of maximum heart rate. Time: 45 Minutes Exercise Protocol Warm up: 10mins Rotations and Dynamic stretches

Aerobic exercises will be same as given to control group

Intervention Type: OTHER

moderate intensity aerobic training

Aerobic Exercises Frequency: 2 Days per week Intensity: 60% of maximum heart rate. Time: 45 Minutes Warm up: 10mins Rotations and Dynamic stretches Aerobic exercises: 25 mins

(1 minute of each exercise with 60 seconds rest and repeating the same sequence for 1 minute.) Exercises will be performed at slow pace Marching, Single step touch, Step touches front and back, Double step touch, "V" step, knee lift, leg curl , forward walk, reach outs, lunge side and back, "L" Step, jumping jacks Cool down: 10 mins Slow marching and static stretches for next 6weeks progression will be made by increasing speed of same exercises

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Female adolescents who have achieved Menarche.
• 13-19 years of age
• BMI criteria: 17.50 - 22.99 (BMI Asia)
• Score less than 13 on IPAQ (Inactive)

Exclusion Criteria

• History of musculoskeletal trauma or injury
• Any diagnosed psychological condition
• Participated in Exercise program for past 6 months

• Minimum Eligible Age: 13 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 19 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Riphah International University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

summra andleeb, MS(OMPT)

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

riphah internation university

Locations

Vega school system Dinga

Dinga, Punjab Province, Pakistan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Pakistan

Central Contacts

Imran amjad, Phd

Role: CONTACT

imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk

03324390125

Facility Contacts

Summra Andleeb, MS(0MPT)

Role: primary

sammra.andleeb@riphah.edu.pk

03450617872

Other Identifiers

REC/01543 Saira Shabbir

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id