Pharmacokinetic Profile of the Calcium-salt and Free Acid Forms of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in Humans

NCT ID: NCT05767112

Last Updated: 2023-03-14

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 16 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2015-10-01
• Study Completion Date: 2021-12-20

Brief Summary

HMB supplementation has been shown to have potential to optimize resistance training responses, which may have important implications for sport, exercise, and health. However, HMB literature shows uncertainties as to which is the superior pharmaceutical form of supplemental HMB (i.e., the calcium salt or the free acid form) in terms of pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability when consumed by humans. This research project investigated the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of two different forms of supplemental HMB, namely HMB calcium-salt (HMB-Ca) and HMB Free Acid (HMB-FA). Further, HMB-Ca was provided both diluted in water and encapsulated in gelatine capsules. This pharmacokinetics study adopted a crossover design, open-label design in which male and female participants visited the laboratory on 3 different occasions to receive one the 3 treatments: 1g of HMB; the equivalent of 1g of HMB-Ca in water; the equivalent of 1g of HMB-Ca in gelatine capsules. Venous blood samples were collected before and multiple time points after treatment ingestion, for a period of 12 hours in total. A pre-ingestion midstream urine sample was collected as well as a 24-h post-ingestion total urine sample. All plasma and urine samples were analysed for their HMB concentrations via LC/MS. Time to peak, maximum concentration, area under the curve, half-life time and slope of the incremental phase were calculated to examine the pharmacokinetic profile of HMB and compare the 3 different pharmaceutical forms.

Detailed Description

This study aimed to investigate whether the different pharmaceutical forms of HMB show distinct bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile in humans. A counterbalanced crossover open-label study was conducted. 20 male and female participants were recruited, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria and 16 enrolled in the study. All participants visited the laboratory on 3 different occasions, 5-7 days apart to receive one of the following treatments: 1) 1 g of HMB-FA, or 2) HMB-Ca (equivalent of 1 g of HMB) in capsules, or 3) HMB-Ca (equivalent of 1 g of HMB) dissolved in water. The order of treatments was counterbalanced to control for carryover and order effects using a 3-by-6 (treatment-by-participant) Latin square table (www.statpages.info/latinsq.html). To randomly allocate participants to treatment sequences, participants were recruited in blocks of 6, each containing 3 males and 3 females so that sexes were counterbalanced too. The allocation sequence within each block was defined using a random sequence generator (www.random.org). Blood samples were collected before HBM ingestion and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360 and 720 minutes after HMB ingestion. Urine samples were collected before HMB ingestion (midstream sample) and 24 hours post ingestion (24h total urine). A standardised breakfast was provided to all participants 1h before treatment ingestion. A standardised snack was given to all participants 4 hours after treatment ingestion, and a standardised meal was given 6 hours after treatment ingestion. Water ingestion was standardised in the first 360 minutes after ingestion. In the last 6 hours of the protocol, the participants were dismissed from the lab and returned for the 720 post-ingestion blood collection. They consumed food and water ad-libitum. HMB concentrations were determined in urine and plasma samples by LC/MS using tandem electrospray ionization (ESI). The following pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: Time to peak, maximum concentration, area under the curve, half-life time and slope of the incremental phase. Plasma and urine HMB concentrations were compared between treatments across time with a 2-factor mixed models analysis. Fixed factors were treatment and time, and participants were the random factor. All pairwise comparisons were adjusted with the Tukey-Kraemer correction. AUC, relative bioavailability, Cmax and Tmax were compared between treatments with repeated measures one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.

Conditions

Healthy

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

HMB-Ca in water

Investigate whether the pharmacological form of HMB has any impact on its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Supplement administation

Intervention Type: OTHER

HMB was administred in 3 different forms: 1) HMB-FA in clear capsules; 2) HMB-Ca in gelatine capsules; 3) HMB-Ca dissolved in water. All treatments provided 1g of HMB. Blood samples were taken before and on multiple time points following ingestion.

HMB-Ca in capsules

Avaliate AUC of HMB-Calcium form supplementation.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Supplement administation

Intervention Type: OTHER

HMB was administred in 3 different forms: 1) HMB-FA in clear capsules; 2) HMB-Ca in gelatine capsules; 3) HMB-Ca dissolved in water. All treatments provided 1g of HMB. Blood samples were taken before and on multiple time points following ingestion.

HMB-FA

Avaliate AUC of HMB-free acid form supplementation.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Supplement administation

Intervention Type: OTHER

HMB was administred in 3 different forms: 1) HMB-FA in clear capsules; 2) HMB-Ca in gelatine capsules; 3) HMB-Ca dissolved in water. All treatments provided 1g of HMB. Blood samples were taken before and on multiple time points following ingestion.

Interventions

Supplement administation

HMB was administred in 3 different forms: 1) HMB-FA in clear capsules; 2) HMB-Ca in gelatine capsules; 3) HMB-Ca dissolved in water. All treatments provided 1g of HMB. Blood samples were taken before and on multiple time points following ingestion.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. age between 18-35 years;

2. ≥150 min of moderate to intense physical activity per week

Exclusion Criteria

1. smoking,

2. use of statins, anti-inflammatory, or any other medications that could affect lipid metabolism or blood parameters;

3. current or past use of androgenic anabolic steroids;

4. diagnosis of gastric or intestinal disorders that could affect nutrient absorption;

5. diagnosis of kidney or liver disorders that could affect nutrient metabolisation and elimination;

6. any other condition that could be perceived as a potential confounding factor or that could prevent participation in the study.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 35 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Sao Paulo

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Bruno Gualano

Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Heitor R Ribeiro, Bsc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Sao Paulo

Locations

School of Physical Education and Sport - USP

São Paulo, , Brazil

Countries

Brazil

Other Identifiers

HMB pharmacokinetics

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id