Effect of Exercise and MBI on Female Students' Emotion Regulation and Inhibitory Control of Smartphone Addiction

NCT ID: NCT05563285

Last Updated: 2022-10-04

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 66 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-09-12
• Study Completion Date: 2023-01-20

Brief Summary

Mobile-based technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, and in the past decade, smartphone use has become common among today's university students, who have mental health. A lot of attention has been paid in the media to the existence of "smartphone addiction" or problematic smartphone use(Sohn et al., 2019).Overuse of smartphones can cause health problems(Adams & Kisler, 2013; Demirci et al., 2015).

As an interdisciplinary subject, this study aimed at university students' smartphone addiction behavior research, understand the information era of college students' way of behavior patterns, exercise and psychological intervention strategy is put forward, to evaluate exercise and MBI intervention,and reduction of university students' smartphone addiction.

Detailed Description

This study was divided into two groups, the exercise and mindfulness-based intervention group, and the control group. This study evaluates the effect of 8-week exercise and MBI intervention on the capacity of emotional regulation measured by physiological and psychological state and inhibitory control of smartphone addiction in female university students. The sample was Chinese female university students aged 18-23 years with infrequent exercise for smartphone addiction.

According to the literature review, the frequency of brisk walking training in this experiment was scheduled for two times/week, with a total training duration of 8 weeks. Each training session was changed within two weeks. It ranged from 60 minutes in the first and second week to 90 minutes in the eighth week of the seventh week. Brisk walking was trained using maximum heart rate to control the intensity and measured using the Borg CR10 scale after training. All exercise techniques were taught before intervention.

Conditions

Smartphone Addiction; Mental Health Issue

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

Patients in the intervention group will be provided exercise and mindfulness-based intervention was shown for the 1-8 weeks.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

1.Exercise Intervention

1st-2nd week: 15 min for Brisk walking. Intensity: HRmax (60%-65%); CR10 (5-6). 3rd-4th week: 20 min for Brisk walking. Intensity:HRmax (65%-70%); CR10 (6-7). 5th-6th week: 25 min for Brisk walking. BW: Intensity: HRmax(70%-75%); CR10 (6-7). 7th -8th week:30 min for Brisk walking.

Exercise Intervention basic content:

(1) Gradually increase the walking speed; (2) Slowly reduce the speed; (3) Rest for 5 min.

2. Mindfulness-Based Intervention

1st-2nd week: 30 min for mindfulness training. 3rd-4th week: 35 min for mindfulness training. 5th-6th week: 40 min for mindfulness training. 7th-8th week: 45 min for mindfulness training.

Mindfulness-Based Intervention basic content:

(1) Yoga; (2) Mindful breathing; (3) Mindfulness meditation; (4) Body scan; (5) Mindfulness awareness; (6) RAIN technique; (7) Mindful Stretching; (8) Mindful walking; (9) Mindful running

Control Group

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

The control group maintained their classes as usual, usual physical education sessions, and usual daily life.

Control Group

Control group will not receive exercise and mindfulness-based intervention however, primary care service providers and mental health professionals will provide any required routine care according to their clinical judgment and available resources.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

1.Exercise Intervention

1st-2nd week: 15 min for Brisk walking. Intensity: HRmax (60%-65%); CR10 (5-6). 3rd-4th week: 20 min for Brisk walking. Intensity:HRmax (65%-70%); CR10 (6-7). 5th-6th week: 25 min for Brisk walking. BW: Intensity: HRmax(70%-75%); CR10 (6-7). 7th -8th week:30 min for Brisk walking.

Exercise Intervention basic content:

(1) Gradually increase the walking speed; (2) Slowly reduce the speed; (3) Rest for 5 min.

2. Mindfulness-Based Intervention

1st-2nd week: 30 min for mindfulness training. 3rd-4th week: 35 min for mindfulness training. 5th-6th week: 40 min for mindfulness training. 7th-8th week: 45 min for mindfulness training.

Mindfulness-Based Intervention basic content:

(1) Yoga; (2) Mindful breathing; (3) Mindfulness meditation; (4) Body scan; (5) Mindfulness awareness; (6) RAIN technique; (7) Mindful Stretching; (8) Mindful walking; (9) Mindful running

Control Group

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

The control group maintained their classes as usual, usual physical education sessions, and usual daily life.

Interventions

Exercise and Mindfulness-Based Intervention

1.Exercise Intervention

1st-2nd week: 15 min for Brisk walking. Intensity: HRmax (60%-65%); CR10 (5-6). 3rd-4th week: 20 min for Brisk walking. Intensity:HRmax (65%-70%); CR10 (6-7). 5th-6th week: 25 min for Brisk walking. BW: Intensity: HRmax(70%-75%); CR10 (6-7). 7th -8th week:30 min for Brisk walking.

Exercise Intervention basic content:

(1) Gradually increase the walking speed; (2) Slowly reduce the speed; (3) Rest for 5 min.

2. Mindfulness-Based Intervention

1st-2nd week: 30 min for mindfulness training. 3rd-4th week: 35 min for mindfulness training. 5th-6th week: 40 min for mindfulness training. 7th-8th week: 45 min for mindfulness training.

Mindfulness-Based Intervention basic content:

(1) Yoga; (2) Mindful breathing; (3) Mindfulness meditation; (4) Body scan; (5) Mindfulness awareness; (6) RAIN technique; (7) Mindful Stretching; (8) Mindful walking; (9) Mindful running

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Control Group

The control group maintained their classes as usual, usual physical education sessions, and usual daily life.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Female.

2. Aged 18 to 23.

3. Good health, no apparent speech disorder.

4. According to Leung's assessment scale, MAPI scores had to be more than 40 (out of 85) (Leung, 2008) .

5. .Without cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, or pulmonary diseases, symptoms, psychological disorders, or a history of alcohol abuse.And no participation in similar research projects before (using medication for psychiatric problems and undergoing other psychotherapeutic remedies)

6. Have time to ensure that you can attend every counseling on time.

7. They did no longer take part in any structured exercise in the past three months (e.g., walking, Tai Chi, basketball, badminton, running, yoga, weight training, etc.), and without experience of mindfulness training.

8. Subjects were able to participate and complete exercise training independently without any assistive devices.

9. Capable to be engaged, participate or respond to the research question,and willing to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

• Those who satisfy any of the following conditions shall be excluded:

1. Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) scores below 40 They had major disease (respiratory illness, musculoskeletal disorder, dementia and metabolic, cardiovascular disease, and renal, or pulmonary diseases) and any psychosis or other severe psychiatric disorders. Records of extreme physical or psychological problems, which includes different addictive disorders, psychotic disorders, primary depression, borderline personality disorder, or antisocial character disease primarily based on the clinical psychologist's view or observations and oral questioning.

2. Who are unable to move due to injury or illness and drop out of school .

3. Those who were undergoing other psychotherapeutic treatments were also excluded from the study.

4. Excluded students with sports contraindications and time conflicts.

5. They have participated with exercise in the past three months (e.g., walking, running, weight training, etc.)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 23 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Universiti Putra Malaysia

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Huange Liu

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Liu Huange

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University Putra Malaysia

Locations

Yulin University

Yulin, Shaanxi, China

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

China

Central Contacts

Liu Huange

Role: CONTACT

liuhuange568@gmail.com

+8615619908568

Soh Kim Geok

Role: CONTACT

kims@upm.edu.my

03-97698153

Facility Contacts

Huange Liu

Role: primary

liuhuange568@gmail.com

+8615619908568

Fengmeng Qi

Role: backup

583135958@qq.com

+8617603915127

References

Billones R, Saligan L. What Works in Mindfulness Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms? A Systematic Review. Asian Pac Isl Nurs J. 2020;5(1):1-11. doi: 10.31372/20200501.1082.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32704524 (View on PubMed)

Chang YK, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Res. 2012 May 9;1453:87-101. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068. Epub 2012 Mar 4.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 22480735 (View on PubMed)

Fan H, Qi S, Huang G, Xu Z. Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Inhibitory Control of College Students with Smartphone Addiction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Aug 5;2021:5530126. doi: 10.1155/2021/5530126. eCollection 2021.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 34394381 (View on PubMed)

Garland EL, Howard MO. Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2018 Apr 18;13(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s13722-018-0115-3.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29669599 (View on PubMed)

Liu S, Xiao T, Yang L, Loprinzi PD. Exercise as an Alternative Approach for Treating Smartphone Addiction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Random Controlled Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 15;16(20):3912. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16203912.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31618879 (View on PubMed)

Stanton MV, Matsuura J, Fairchild JK, Lohnberg JA, Bayley PJ. Mindfulness as a Weight Loss Treatment for Veterans. Front Nutr. 2016 Aug 15;3:30. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00030. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 27574603 (View on PubMed)

Zhou J, Wang L. Differences in the Effects of Reading and Aerobic Exercise Interventions on Inhibitory Control of College Students With Mobile Phone Addiction. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 1;13:797780. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797780. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35299822 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Huange Liu

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id