Two Recovery Strategies at Work, Based on Mindfulness and Physical Exercise, on Levels of Job Stress

NCT ID: NCT05086198

Last Updated: 2022-05-18

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

181 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-10-01

Study Completion Date

2022-05-16

Brief Summary

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The present study aims to compare the differential effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and physical exercise (PE) on different stress and health variables by self-reports. A randomized controlled trial of three groups is proposed, with pretest, posttest and four follow-ups at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months that would be developed among the employees of two large multinationals.

Detailed Description

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Work and workplace related problems are common sources of stress. Work-related stress is associated with a decrease in productivity, greater absenteeism, accidents and injuries, mental illness, greater errors, and poor performance, among others, which involve significant financial costs. Therefore, it is crucial to find coping strategies that are effective in reducing such stress. Probably, the most appropriate strategies, for their real possibilities of implementation, for their easy execution, low cost and for the empirical support they have, are mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and physical exercise (PE). Both types of practices have shown beneficial effects for physical health, mental health and psychological well-being in general. Different investigations have compared the implementation of MBI and PE, both combined and separately, with interesting results.

The main objective is to evaluate the interactive effects of group x time, the intragroup changes and the differences between groups, in the different moments (pretest, posttest, 1, 2, 3 and 6-months follow-up) on general health, stress, affective job satisfaction, recovery, work performance, and positive and negative affect in the three groups considered; an MBI, an aerobic PE program and an inactive control / waiting list (LE) condition will be contrasted.

The secondary objective is to evaluate the trend and linear patterns in the change trajectory in the three groups during the eight weeks of intervention on fatigue, psychological distancing, sleep, work stress, and attention.

A randomized controlled trial of three groups is proposed, with pretest, posttest and four follow-ups at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months that would be developed among the employees of two large multinationals (N ≥ 150).

The primary dependent variables considered are: 1) recovery experiences; 2) perceived stress; 3) general health; 4) affective job satisfaction; 5) individual work performance; and 6) positive and negative affects. The secondary dependent variables considered are daily states of: 1) fatigue, 2) psychological distancing, 3) quality of sleep; 4) work stress; and 5) attention.

Sociodemographic data will be collected at baseline (age, gender, level of education, number of economically dependent persons, type of contract, type of working day (split/continuous), workstation type, seniority in the organization, seniority in current position and teleworking modality).

The investigators identified two candidate covariates: 1) pharmacological treatment that can influence the psychological state (measured with two alternatives, use / non-use of anxiolytics, hypnotics and other psychotropic drugs); 2) Baseline state of stress and work stress (measured using a single item scale, Likert scale from 1 to 5, 1 being very low and 5 very high)

The intervention program is structured for 8 weeks, during which the two intervention groups will carry out their recovery strategy (IBM or EF), starting and increasing the practice 5 minutes every two weeks (weeks 1 and 2, 15 minutes; weeks 3 and 4, 20 minutes; weeks 5 and 6, 25; weeks 7 and 8, 30 minutes). The control group will continue as usual. Record will be taken of recovery strategies that workers perform naturally and spontaneously, and will be compared to strategies guided by interventions, as those the investigators propose.

The investigators believe that this study is a quasi-pioneering initiative because of its theme, uses a robust methodology, and will have an important scientific-technical impact. The importance of the topic addressed in terms of health and business productivity is associated with important contributions in terms of knowledge transfer to companies and society in general.

Conditions

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Mental Health Wellness

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

A randomized controlled trial of three groups is proposed, with pretest, posttest and four follow-ups at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
Blinding of trial participants and care providers is not possible because of obvious differences between the interventions. However, participants will be blinded in terms of which intervention is considered the experimental one.

Study Groups

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Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI)

A 8-week mindfulness-based intervention. From 15 to 30 minutes of practice per session, three times/week through audio guided meditations.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Mindfulness-based intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

An instructor trained in Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1990) will conduct meditations lasting 15 to 30 minutes. The participants will have a mobile application designed ad hoc with the practice of the week so they can do it individually at home.

Physical exercise (PE)

A 8-week physical exercise intervention. From 15 to 30 minutes of practice per session, three times/week through workout videos.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Physical exercise

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

An aerobic and fitness trainer will conduct aerobic exercise lasting 15 to 30 minutes. The participants will watch it in a video platform. They will not be able to do anaerobic exercise like weight lifting. The intensity of the chosen exercise will be moderate, maintaining between 120-140 beats per minute.

Wait list (WL)

The participants will continue their work activity as usual. This arm will receive one of the two previous interventions once the study finished.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Mindfulness-based intervention

An instructor trained in Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1990) will conduct meditations lasting 15 to 30 minutes. The participants will have a mobile application designed ad hoc with the practice of the week so they can do it individually at home.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Physical exercise

An aerobic and fitness trainer will conduct aerobic exercise lasting 15 to 30 minutes. The participants will watch it in a video platform. They will not be able to do anaerobic exercise like weight lifting. The intensity of the chosen exercise will be moderate, maintaining between 120-140 beats per minute.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age from 18 to 65 years.
* To be a full-time worker (≥35 hours/week).

Exclusion Criteria

* Currently practicing any type of meditation regularly.
* Currently practicing physical activity (aerobic or anaerobic) more than once a week.
* To have a physical or mental illness that prevents moderate exercise or mindfulness practice.
* Very low self-perceived work load and responsibility levels.
* Very low self-perceived stress and work stress levels.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Universidad de Zaragoza

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Miguel Ángel Santed Germán

PhD, Clinical Psychologist and Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Miguel Santed, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UNED

Locations

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Sara Cuerva Navas

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status

Countries

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Spain

References

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Sharma M, Rush SE. Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014 Oct;19(4):271-86. doi: 10.1177/2156587214543143. Epub 2014 Jul 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25053754 (View on PubMed)

Geurts SA, Sonnentag S. Recovery as an explanatory mechanism in the relation between acute stress reactions and chronic health impairment. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Dec;32(6):482-92. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1053.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17173204 (View on PubMed)

Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, Berger Z, Sleicher D, Maron DD, Shihab HM, Ranasinghe PD, Linn S, Saha S, Bass EB, Haythornthwaite JA. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Mar;174(3):357-68. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24395196 (View on PubMed)

Hulsheger UR, Alberts HJ, Feinholdt A, Lang JW. Benefits of mindfulness at work: the role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. J Appl Psychol. 2013 Mar;98(2):310-25. doi: 10.1037/a0031313. Epub 2012 Dec 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23276118 (View on PubMed)

Kabat-Zinn J. An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982 Apr;4(1):33-47. doi: 10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7042457 (View on PubMed)

Sonnentag S, Venz L, Casper A. Advances in recovery research: What have we learned? What should be done next? J Occup Health Psychol. 2017 Jul;22(3):365-380. doi: 10.1037/ocp0000079. Epub 2017 Mar 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28358572 (View on PubMed)

de Bruin EI, van der Zwan JE, Bogels SM. A RCT Comparing Daily Mindfulness Meditations, Biofeedback Exercises, and Daily Physical Exercise on Attention Control, Executive Functioning, Mindful Awareness, Self-Compassion, and Worrying in Stressed Young Adults. Mindfulness (N Y). 2016;7(5):1182-1192. doi: 10.1007/s12671-016-0561-5. Epub 2016 Jul 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27642375 (View on PubMed)

van der Zwan JE, de Vente W, Huizink AC, Bogels SM, de Bruin EI. Physical activity, mindfulness meditation, or heart rate variability biofeedback for stress reduction: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2015 Dec;40(4):257-68. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9293-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26111942 (View on PubMed)

Wolever RQ, Bobinet KJ, McCabe K, Mackenzie ER, Fekete E, Kusnick CA, Baime M. Effective and viable mind-body stress reduction in the workplace: a randomized controlled trial. J Occup Health Psychol. 2012 Apr;17(2):246-258. doi: 10.1037/a0027278. Epub 2012 Feb 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22352291 (View on PubMed)

Heikkila K, Fransson EI, Nyberg ST, Zins M, Westerlund H, Westerholm P, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Suominen S, Steptoe A, Salo P, Pentti J, Oksanen T, Nordin M, Marmot MG, Lunau T, Ladwig KH, Koskenvuo M, Knutsson A, Kittel F, Jockel KH, Goldberg M, Erbel R, Dragano N, DeBacquer D, Clays E, Casini A, Alfredsson L, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Batty GD, Kivimaki M; IPD-Work Consortium. Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118,000 working adults. Am J Public Health. 2013 Nov;103(11):2090-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301090. Epub 2013 May 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23678931 (View on PubMed)

Carral P, Alcover CM. Measuring Age Discrimination at Work: Spanish Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the Nordic Age Discrimination Scale (NADS). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 22;16(8):1431. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081431.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31013640 (View on PubMed)

Fernandez-Munoz JJ, Topa G. Older Workers and Affective Job Satisfaction: Gender Invariance in Spain. Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 8;9:930. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00930. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29937748 (View on PubMed)

de Croon EM, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH. Psychometric properties of the Need for Recovery after work scale: test-retest reliability and sensitivity to detect change. Occup Environ Med. 2006 Mar;63(3):202-6. doi: 10.1136/oem.2004.018275.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16497863 (View on PubMed)

Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006 Mar;13(1):27-45. doi: 10.1177/1073191105283504.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16443717 (View on PubMed)

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2748771 (View on PubMed)

Elo AL, Leppanen A, Jahkola A. Validity of a single-item measure of stress symptoms. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003 Dec;29(6):444-51. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.752.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14712852 (View on PubMed)

Sonnentag S, Fritz C. The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. J Occup Health Psychol. 2007 Jul;12(3):204-21. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17638488 (View on PubMed)

van Hooff ML, Geurts SA, Kompier MA, Taris TW. "How fatigued do you currently feel?" Convergent and discriminant validity of a single-item fatigue measure. J Occup Health. 2007 May;49(3):224-34. doi: 10.1539/joh.49.224.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17575403 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a21

Assessing Job Performance Using Brief Self-report Scales: The Case of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2011515

PANAS scale of positive and negative affect: factor validation and cross-cultural convergence

https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33715423008.pdf

Psychometric properties and normative values of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in the general Spanish population

Other Identifiers

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PID2019-110490RB-I00 (1)

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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