Sedation Complications in Urology During Spinal Anesthesia With Dexmedetomidine or Midazolam Regarding OSA Risk

NCT ID: NCT04817033

Last Updated: 2022-04-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

115 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-04-01

Study Completion Date

2022-02-01

Brief Summary

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Light to moderate sedation is recommended during surgery with spinal anesthesia . This study is exploring which sedation drug is better, midazolam or dexmedetomidine for transurethral resection of bladder and prostate in patients with or without high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients were divided in two groups regarding OSA risk, and each group received midazolam or dexmedetomidine for sedation. Investigators observed intraoperative complications of airway and factors that are disturbing surgeon(movement due to participants coughing and restlessness) because one could puncture bladder or prostate and cause perforation.

Detailed Description

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All participants were premedicated with diazepam 5mg 12 hours and 1 hour before surgery. Thromboprophylaxis (enoxaparin 4000-6000 IU) depending on the body weight was given at least 12 hours before surgery.

Participants were divided by STOP-BANG(Snoring history, Tired during the day, Observed stop breathing while sleep, High blood pressure, BMI more than 35 kg/m2, Age more than 50 years, Neck circumference more than 40 cm and male Gender) questionnaire into one of two groups: high OSA and low\&medium OSA. Each group was then allocated by permuted block randomisation into midazolam or dexmedetomidine group. The randomisation list was obtained from R program. The group allocations were contained in closed envelope that were opened before surgery after the completed enrollment procedure.

Participants got IV cannula with switch for continuous intravenous infusion in operating theatre. Non invasive monitoring (electrodes for ECG, blood pressure cuff and pulse oximeter) was placed before induction of spinal anesthesia. Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied. Participants were then positioned in uniform lithotomy position and 9cm pillow was inserted. After sensory block, defined as the absence of pain at T10 dermatome, was induced by needle-tip test by the anaesthesiologist, the surgery was initiated.

Time after subarachnoid block was T0 and sedation with midazolam or dexmedetomidine was started via continuous intravenous infusion. Midazolam was started with 0.25 mg/kg of ideal body mass, and dexmedetomidine with 0.5 ug/kg through 10 minutes. Every 10 minutes sedation level was observed with Ramsay sedation scale (RSS). Drug was titrated to achieve RSS of 4 or 5 (closed eyes and patient exhibited brisk or sluggish response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus). Independent blinded doctor was assessing RSS level, vital parameters and signs of airway obstruction every 10 minutes. Every 10 minutes systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were noticed along with heart rate, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry(SpO2), RSS level and adverse intraoperative events: snoring as sign of airway obstruction, cough and restlessness as disturbing factors to surgeon. If peripheral oxygen fell below 90% supplemental oxygen was delivered by facemask with reservoir bag at flow of 10 L/min. End tidal carbon dioxide(CO2)was measured for detection of possible apnea. If oxygenation was still inadequate chin lift and jaw thrust maneuver were performed and oropharyngeal airway was inserted if needed. If heart rate fell below 50 bpm atropine 0.1 mg/kg was given and if systolic blood pressure fell below 100 mmHg(or MAP \< 65 mmHg) ephedrine 5mg bolus was given. Total crystalloid infusion volume was noticed at the end of surgery. All measurements were performed every 10 minutes and 1 hour after surgery in urology intensive care. High risk OSA participants underwent cardiorespiratory polygraphy at Center for sleep medicine Split.

Conditions

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Anesthesia Anesthesia Complication Osa Syndrome Transurethral Resection of Prostate Sedation Complication Intraoperative Complications Snoring Airway Obstruction

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

factorial randomised controlled trial
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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High risk OSA Dexmedetomidine

High risk OSA defined by STOP BANG questionnaire Intraoperative sedation during spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder and prostate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Spinal anesthesia with intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied.

Dexmedetomidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Dexmedetomidine 0.5 ug/kg during first 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia. Dose maintained to keep patient in moderate sedation with closed eyes and Ramsay sedation scale 4 and 5 level

High risk OSA Midazolam

High risk OSA defined by STOP BANG questionnaire Intraoperative sedation during spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder and prostate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Spinal anesthesia with intraoperative midazolam sedation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied.

Midazolam

Intervention Type DRUG

Midazolam 0.25 mg/kg ideal body weight during first 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia. Dose maintained to keep patient in moderate sedation with closed eyes and Ramsay sedation scale 4 and 5 level

Low&Medium OSA Dexmedetomidine

Low\&Medium OSA defined by STOP BANG questionnaire Intraoperative sedation during spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder and prostate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Spinal anesthesia with intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied.

Dexmedetomidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Dexmedetomidine 0.5 ug/kg during first 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia. Dose maintained to keep patient in moderate sedation with closed eyes and Ramsay sedation scale 4 and 5 level

Low&Medium OSA Midazolam

Low\&Medium OSA defined by STOP BANG questionnaire Intraoperative sedation during spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder and prostate

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Spinal anesthesia with intraoperative midazolam sedation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied.

Midazolam

Intervention Type DRUG

Midazolam 0.25 mg/kg ideal body weight during first 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia. Dose maintained to keep patient in moderate sedation with closed eyes and Ramsay sedation scale 4 and 5 level

Interventions

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Spinal anesthesia with intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation

Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Spinal anesthesia with intraoperative midazolam sedation

Skin was disinfected and 40mg of 2% Lidocaine was given subcutaneously at lumbar vertebrae 3/4 level. 25 G spinal needle was used and after dura and arachnoidea were pierced 12.5-15 mg of 0.5% Levobupivacaine was applied.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine 0.5 ug/kg during first 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia. Dose maintained to keep patient in moderate sedation with closed eyes and Ramsay sedation scale 4 and 5 level

Intervention Type DRUG

Midazolam

Midazolam 0.25 mg/kg ideal body weight during first 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia. Dose maintained to keep patient in moderate sedation with closed eyes and Ramsay sedation scale 4 and 5 level

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Dexmedetomidine sedation Midazolam sedation

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* elective transurethral resection of bladder and prostate
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system: I, II, III

Exclusion Criteria

* regional anesthesia contraindications
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system: IV
* Atrioventricular cardiac block II and III degree
* Psychotic disorders
* Participants with tracheostomy
* Dementia
* Allergy on Dexmedetomidine or Midazolam
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University Hospital of Split

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Ivan Vuković, MD

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Ivan Vukovic

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University Hospital Split, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Split, Croatia

Renata Pecotic

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia

Bozidar Duplancic

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University Hospital Split, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Split, Croatia

Benjamin Benzon

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia

Zoran Dogas

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia

Ruben Kovac

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University Hospital Split, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Split, Croatia

Locations

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University Hospital Split

Split, , Croatia

Site Status

Countries

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Croatia

References

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Madhusudan P, Wong J, Prasad A, Sadeghian E, Chung FF. An update on preoperative assessment and preparation of surgical patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018 Feb;31(1):89-95. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000539.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29120932 (View on PubMed)

Roesslein M, Chung F. Obstructive sleep apnoea in adults: peri-operative considerations: A narrative review. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Apr;35(4):245-255. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000765.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29300271 (View on PubMed)

Corso R, Russotto V, Gregoretti C, Cattano D. Perioperative management of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018 Jan;84(1):81-93. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.11688-3. Epub 2017 Apr 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28402089 (View on PubMed)

Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, Chung SA, Vairavanathan S, Islam S, Khajehdehi A, Shapiro CM. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008 May;108(5):812-21. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18431116 (View on PubMed)

Seet E, Chua M, Liaw CM. High STOP-BANG questionnaire scores predict intraoperative and early postoperative adverse events. Singapore Med J. 2015 Apr;56(4):212-6. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2015034.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25917473 (View on PubMed)

Pollock JE, Neal JM, Liu SS, Burkhead D, Polissar N. Sedation during spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2000 Sep;93(3):728-34. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200009000-00022.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10969306 (View on PubMed)

De Andres J, Valia JC, Gil A, Bolinches R. Predictors of patient satisfaction with regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth. 1995 Nov-Dec;20(6):498-505.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8608068 (View on PubMed)

Huupponen E, Maksimow A, Lapinlampi P, Sarkela M, Saastamoinen A, Snapir A, Scheinin H, Scheinin M, Merilainen P, Himanen SL, Jaaskelainen S. Electroencephalogram spindle activity during dexmedetomidine sedation and physiological sleep. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008 Feb;52(2):289-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01537.x. Epub 2007 Nov 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18005372 (View on PubMed)

Shin HJ, Kim EY, Hwang JW, Do SH, Na HS. Comparison of upper airway patency in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea during dexmedetomidine or propofol sedation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018 Sep 5;18(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12871-018-0586-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30185146 (View on PubMed)

Mingir T, Ervatan Z, Turgut N. Spinal Anaesthesia and Perioperative Anxiety. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014 Aug;42(4):190-5. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2014.99705. Epub 2014 May 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27366419 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2181-147-01/06/M.S.-20-02

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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