Fasted Evening Exercise: Performance and Compensatory Eating

NCT ID: NCT04742530

Last Updated: 2021-08-05

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 16 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2021-02-08
• Study Completion Date: 2021-06-23

Brief Summary

This study will compare the appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance responses to a bout of exercise completed in the evening after an extended period of fasting with a similar bout of exercise completed in the evening and the morning, after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal.

Detailed Description

Regular exercise is known to be a successful strategy for improving several facets of health and maintaining body weight. However, many people are not engaging in enough exercise, and some may not be achieving maximum benefits from the exercise that they already do. Performing exercise in the overnight fasted state has been shown to reduce energy intake over the course of a single day, without any compensatory reductions in free-living energy expenditure. Despite these promising findings, it is likely that not every member of the population is logistically able to perform exercise in the morning due to various work, family and social commitments, and exercise in the evening may be a logical alternative for these individuals. Whether the beneficial effects of overnight fasted exercise can be observed at an alternative time of the day (i.e. the evening) is unknown.

Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the compensatory appetite and energy intake responses following a bout of evening exercise performed after an extended (7 hour) period of fasting. Exercise performance will also be assessed as a marker of voluntary energy expenditure, which if reduced, has the potential to compensate for the reduced energy balance induced by fasted exercise.

Conditions

Obesity

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Fasted Evening Exercise

Exercise will take place in the evening, following a 7 hour period of fasting.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Fasted Evening Exercise

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after a 7-hour period of fasting. This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.

Fed Evening Exercise

Exercise will take place in the evening, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Fed Evening Exercise

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior. This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.

Fed Morning Exercise

Exercise will take place in the morning, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Fed Morning Exercise

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 10:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior. This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.

Interventions

Fasted Evening Exercise

A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after a 7-hour period of fasting. This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Fed Evening Exercise

A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior. This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Fed Morning Exercise

A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 10:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior. This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Non-smokers.
• Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
• No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
• Female specific: must be using a monophasic, low dose combined OCP (containing less than 50μg oestradiol and a synthetic progestin) OR females with regular menstrual cycles (self-reported).

Exclusion Criteria

• Have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8h other than overnight - self-reported).
• Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
• Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise)
• Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
• Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
• Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
• Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
• Having received a positive COVID-19 test in the 6-month period prior to participation.
• Female specific: currently pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of any hormonal contraception, and the self-reporting of short (<24 d), long (>35 d), or irregular menstrual cycles.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Loughborough University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Nottingham Trent University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Tommy Slater

Principle Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Loughborough University

Loughborough, , United Kingdom

Nottingham Trent University

Nottingham, , United Kingdom

Countries

United Kingdom

References

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Mode WJA, Slater T, Pinkney MG, Hough J, James RM, Varley I, James LJ, Clayton DJ. Effects of Morning Vs. Evening exercise on appetite, energy intake, performance and metabolism, in lean males and females. Appetite. 2023 Mar 1;182:106422. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106422. Epub 2022 Dec 17.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 36539157 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

TS_FastEvEx_2021

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id