Effects of Essential Amino Acid-enriched Whey and Carbohydrate Co-ingestion on Protein Kinetics

NCT ID: NCT04621175

Last Updated: 2025-01-27

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

17 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-09-09

Study Completion Date

2022-08-23

Brief Summary

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Previous work conducted by the Investigators demonstrates that an essential amino acid(EAA)-enriched whey protein combination format is an efficient EAA/protein format to support enhanced whole-body protein balance and sustain muscle protein synthesis compared to isonitrogenous amounts of whey alone or a mixed-macronutrient meal. However, additional work is needed to optimize the formulation to ensure the best possible muscle and whole-body anabolic responses are achieved. This includes addressing the potential value of adding non-EAA/protein components to support energy demands. Providing additional non-protein energy to an EAA-enriched whey protein formulation may reduce the proportion of exogenous amino acids directed towards energy production thereby preserving its use for muscle protein synthesis. However, whether suppressing exogenous amino acid oxidation by providing additional carbohydrate allows for a greater muscle protein synthetic stimulus during moderate energy deficit (- 30% total energy requirements) is unknown. Therefore, this study will test the effects of EAA-enriched whey protein plus carbohydrate versus EAA-enriched whey plus additional EAA using a randomized, cross-sectional longitudinal study design.

Detailed Description

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In this study the Investigators will test the effects of EAA-enriched whey protein plus carbohydrate versus EAA-enriched whey plus additional EAA using a randomized, cross-sectional longitudinal study design. Thirty healthy, functional and aerobic exercise trained adults will complete two, 5-d controlled feeding phases, one maintaining energy balance and one inducing energy deficit in random order and separated by at least a 7d washout period. The difference in post-exercise (whole-body exercise model) muscle protein synthesis and whole-body protein turnover between the study treatments will be determined the day after each 5-d controlled feeding phase. This design will test the following hypotheses: 1) The magnitude of post-exercise anabolic response to EAA-enriched whey protein plus carbohydrate are enhanced compared to EAA-enriched whey protein plus additional EAA during energy deficit; 2) Regardless of protein treatment, the magnitude of anabolic response will be reduced during energy deficit compared to energy balance.

Conditions

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Energy Deficit

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

randomized, cross-sectional, longitudinal study
Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators
double (participant and investigator)

Study Groups

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EAA+W & Carbohydrate: Balance (BAL) first, then Deficit (DEF)

Participants will consume an essential amino acid plus whey (EAA+W) beverage with added Carbohydrate during energy balance (BAL) first, then again during energy deficit (DEF).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

EAA+W & Carbohydrate

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added carbohydrate

EAA+W & Carbohydrate: DEF first, then BAL

Participants will consume an essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added Carbohydrate during energy deficit first, then again during energy balance.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

EAA+W & Carbohydrate

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added carbohydrate

EAA+W & EAA: BAL first, then DEF

Participants will consume an essential amino acid (EAA) plus whey beverage with added EAA during energy balance first, then again during energy deficit.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

EAA+W & EAA

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added essential amino acid

EAA+W & EAA: DEF first, then BAL

Participants will consume an essential amino acid (EAA) plus whey beverage with added EAA during energy deficit first, then again during energy balance.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

EAA+W & EAA

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added essential amino acid

Interventions

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EAA+W & Carbohydrate

Essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added carbohydrate

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

EAA+W & EAA

Essential amino acid plus whey beverage with added essential amino acid

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Body mass index \< 30.0 kg/m2
* Weight stable in the past 2 months (± 2.27 kg)
* Healthy without evidence of chronic illness or musculoskeletal injury as determined by the USARIEM Office of Medical Support and Oversight (OMSO) or home duty station medical support
* Functional exercise (i.e., step ups, box jumps, body mass movements) and/or aerobic exercise trained defined by self-report as performing ≥ 2 sessions/wk for previous 6 months
* Willing to refrain from taking any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., aspirin, Advil®, Aleve®, Naprosyn®), or any other aspirin-containing product for 10 days before the first \~8.5 hour laboratory day and at least 5 days after completing the last \~8.5 hour laboratory day
* Willing to refrain from alcohol, smoking any nicotine product (includes e-cigarettes), vaping, chewing tobacco, caffeine, and dietary supplements after the completing the baseline period until the end of the study
* Must obtain supervisor approval for federal civilian employees and non-HRV active duty military personnel working within the US Army Natick Soldier Systems Center
* Females must have normal menstrual cycles between 26-32 days in duration; 5 menstrual cycles within the past 6 months; or able to provide documentation of oral/hormonal contraceptive use which contains low-dose estrogen/progesterone to maintain continuous levels throughout the 28-day cycle (i.e., no placebos)

Exclusion Criteria

* Metabolic or cardiovascular abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.)
* Abnormal PT/PTT test or problems with blood clotting
* History of complications with lidocaine
* Present condition of alcoholism, anabolic steroids, or other substance abuse issues as assessed by OMSO
* Participation in blood donation within 8-wk of beginning the study
* Pregnant, trying to become pregnant, and/or breastfeeding (results of urine pregnancy test or self-report for breastfeeding will be obtained before body composition testing)
* Unwillingness or inability to consume study diets or foods provided due to personal preference, dietary restrictions, and/or food allergies
* Unwillingness to adhere to study physical restrictions
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Arkansas

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Eastern Michigan University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

FED

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Jess A Gwin, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

Locations

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US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

Natick, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Gwin JA, Church DD, Allen JT, Wilson MA, Carrigan CT, Murphy NE, Varanoske AN, Margolis LM, Wolfe RR, Ferrando AA, Pasiakos SM. Consuming Whey Protein with Added Essential Amino Acids, Not Carbohydrate, Maintains Postexercise Anabolism While Underfed. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Jan 1;57(1):70-80. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003541. Epub 2024 Aug 23.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39160756 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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20-14HC

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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