Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Constraint Induced Language Therapy for Alzheimer Disease
NCT ID: NCT04482179
Last Updated: 2025-09-15
Study Results
Results available
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View full resultsBasic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE1
Total Enrollment
23 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2020-02-19
Study Completion Date
2024-08-31
Brief Summary
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Impaired verbal communication is a cardinal symptom of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and the source of enormous distress and disability. Effective therapies for this deficit are lacking. In light of the emerging literature demonstrating that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) improves general cognition in subjects with Alzheimer Disease (AD), the investigators propose to study the effectiveness of TMS as a therapy for impaired verbal communication. The hypothesis to be tested is that TMS combined with Constraint Induced Language Therapy (CILT) improves verbal communication more than sham TMS and CILT. A second aim is to use state-of-the-art neuroimaging to understand the mechanisms underlying any beneficial effect of the treatment.
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Detailed Description
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TMS is a technique by which a brief electrical current is induced in brain tissue causing a brief suppression of the excitability of the underlying tissue; the technique, which was introduced in the 1980s and has been extensively used around the world, has been shown to transiently improve or disrupt specific cognitive operations. To achieve this end, a coil is positioned against the subject's head. The delivery of a single pulse begins with the discharge of current from a capacitor into a circular or figure-of-eight coil; this electrical current generates a brief magnetic field of up to 2.2 Tesla. As the pulse of electricity has a rise time of 0.2 ms. and a duration of 1 ms., the magnetic field changes in intensity quite rapidly. Because the magnetic field passes freely through the scalp, skull, and meninges, the flux in the magnetic field induces a small electric field in the brain that transiently alters neural activity.
TMS may be delivered in a variety of ways. The investigators propose to use 10 Hz TMS; that is, TMS pulses will be delivered at a frequency of 10/second, for a total of 1200 pulses. Using the figure-of-eight coil to be employed here, TMS is thought to affect activity in approximately 1 cubic cm. of cortex. Many investigators have employed TMS for AD with a frequency of 10 Hz and most have delivered 1200 pulses per session.
The baseline phase will consist of 3 sessions, each lasting 1-2 hours depending on the stamina of the subject. The point of the baseline testing is to characterize the subject's language function. To that end, a number of standard language and neuropsychological tasks will be administered. These include the Western Aphasia Battery, Pyramids and Palm Trees test, Figural Fluency Test, word and non-word repetition tasks, spontaneous narrative production, CILT stimulus naming, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Additionally, during the baseline, subjects will undergo MRI of the brain or, if they have a contraindication to MRI, a CAT scan of the head. No contrast will be used.
In the treatment phase, there will be 10 TMS sessions over 2 consecutive weeks in which 30 two-second stimulation trains of 10 Hz TMS will be delivered every 30 seconds to the left inferior pars triangularis and to the left posterior superior left temporal gyrus at 100% motor threshold. There will be a total of 600 pulses to each site in each session for a total of 1200 pulses per session. Each TMS treatment session will be immediately followed by a 60-90 minute session of CILT.
There will be two 3-month post-treatment visits and two 6-month post-treatment visits in which the full battery of language and cognitive assessments will be repeated. Subjects who are able to undergo MRI scanning will have anatomic and fMRI scans at the first 6-month post-treatment visit.
The investigators will pair TMS with CILT which has been shown to have positive outcomes in post-stroke aphasia. CILT invokes use-dependent learning in communicative interactions by requiring spoken output and restricting use of alternative forms of communication, such as gestures. The investigators will use a dual card-matching task modeled after Maher et al. As in the original CILT design, the participant interacts verbally with a conversational partner (here, the speech language pathologist), in turn requesting a card of given description and complying with the partner's request. In this way, the treatment targets both production and comprehension. Moreover, as verbal targets increase in linguistic complexity across the protocol ("a ball", "throw a ball"; "Do you have a ball"?), a variety of lexical and phrasal structures are targeted. Studies of CILT have reported gains on multiple language behaviors, supporting its broad engagement of the language network.
TMS may be delivered in a variety of ways. The investigators propose to use 10 Hz TMS; that is, TMS pulses will be delivered at a frequency of 10/second, for a total of 1200 pulses. Using the figure-of-eight coil to be employed here, TMS is thought to affect activity in approximately 1 cubic cm. of cortex. Many investigators have employed TMS for AD with a frequency of 10 Hz and most have delivered 1200 pulses per session.
The baseline phase will consist of 3 sessions, each lasting 1-2 hours depending on the stamina of the subject. The point of the baseline testing is to characterize the subject's language function. To that end, a number of standard language and neuropsychological tasks will be administered. These include the Western Aphasia Battery, Pyramids and Palm Trees test, Figural Fluency Test, word and non-word repetition tasks, spontaneous narrative production, CILT stimulus naming, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Additionally, during the baseline, subjects will undergo MRI of the brain or, if they have a contraindication to MRI, a CAT scan of the head. No contrast will be used.
In the treatment phase, there will be 10 TMS sessions over 2 consecutive weeks in which 30 two-second stimulation trains of 10 Hz TMS will be delivered every 30 seconds to the left inferior pars triangularis and to the left posterior superior left temporal gyrus at 100% motor threshold. There will be a total of 600 pulses to each site in each session for a total of 1200 pulses per session. Each TMS treatment session will be immediately followed by a 60-90 minute session of CILT.
There will be two 3-month post-treatment visits and two 6-month post-treatment visits in which the full battery of language and cognitive assessments will be repeated. Subjects who are able to undergo MRI scanning will have anatomic and fMRI scans at the first 6-month post-treatment visit.
The investigators will pair TMS with CILT which has been shown to have positive outcomes in post-stroke aphasia. CILT invokes use-dependent learning in communicative interactions by requiring spoken output and restricting use of alternative forms of communication, such as gestures. The investigators will use a dual card-matching task modeled after Maher et al. As in the original CILT design, the participant interacts verbally with a conversational partner (here, the speech language pathologist), in turn requesting a card of given description and complying with the partner's request. In this way, the treatment targets both production and comprehension. Moreover, as verbal targets increase in linguistic complexity across the protocol ("a ball", "throw a ball"; "Do you have a ball"?), a variety of lexical and phrasal structures are targeted. Studies of CILT have reported gains on multiple language behaviors, supporting its broad engagement of the language network.
Conditions
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Alzheimer Disease
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Participants will be randomized to either TMS or sham TMS in a 2:1 allocation ratio.
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
QUADRUPLE
Participants
Caregivers
Investigators
Outcome Assessors
The individual administering TMS will keep the master file of subject assignments, but all other individuals in contact with the subject or their data will be unaware of group assignment. Participants will not be informed of their assignment to active or sham status.
Study Groups
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Active TMS
There will be 10 TMS sessions over 2 consecutive weeks in which 30 two-second stimulation trains of 10 Hz TMS will be delivered every 30 seconds to the left inferior pars triangularis and to the left posterior superior left temporal gyrus. Each TMS treatment session will be immediately followed by a 60-90 minute session of Constrained Induced Language Therapy (CILT).
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Active TMS
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Active TMS will be delivered at 100% motor threshold
CILT
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
60-90 minutes of CILT will be administered during each treatment session
Sham TMS
There will be 10 TMS sessions over 2 consecutive weeks in which 30 two-second stimulation trains of 10 Hz sham TMS will be delivered every 30 seconds to the left inferior pars triangularis and to the left posterior superior left temporal gyrus. Sham TMS will be administered with a sham TMS coil that looks and sounds like the active coil but does not generate a magnetic field. Each TMS treatment session will be immediately followed by a 60-90 minute session of Constrained Induced Language Therapy (CILT).
Group Type
SHAM_COMPARATOR
CILT
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
60-90 minutes of CILT will be administered during each treatment session
Sham TMS
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Sham TMS will be administered
Interventions
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Active TMS
Active TMS will be delivered at 100% motor threshold
Intervention Type
DEVICE
CILT
60-90 minutes of CILT will be administered during each treatment session
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Sham TMS
Sham TMS will be administered
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Other Intervention Names
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Constraint Induced Language Therapy
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* A diagnosis of mild-moderate AD as defined by the National Institute of Aging - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria
* Mild-moderate cognitive impairment, indicated by Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) scores between 23 and 15 inclusive
* Must be right handed as defined by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
* Must be a native English speaker
* Must be able to understand the nature of the study, and give informed consent
* Mild-moderate cognitive impairment, indicated by Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) scores between 23 and 15 inclusive
* Must be right handed as defined by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
* Must be a native English speaker
* Must be able to understand the nature of the study, and give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
* History of stroke
* History of seizure
* History of any other significant neurologic disease (e.g., ALS)
* Significant depression as defined by the Geriatric Depression Scale.
* Any significant medical disorder that, in the view of the investigators, could threaten the subject's ability to complete the study (e.g., cancer, significant cardiac disease)
* Any contraindications to TMS, including uncontrolled seizures, previous brain surgery, and history of tinnitus
* History of seizure
* History of any other significant neurologic disease (e.g., ALS)
* Significant depression as defined by the Geriatric Depression Scale.
* Any significant medical disorder that, in the view of the investigators, could threaten the subject's ability to complete the study (e.g., cancer, significant cardiac disease)
* Any contraindications to TMS, including uncontrolled seizures, previous brain surgery, and history of tinnitus
Minimum Eligible Age
60 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
85 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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H. Branch Coslett
Professor
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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H. Branch Coslett, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
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831532
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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Investigating the Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) as a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease
NCT02908815
COMPLETED
NA
Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the Precuneus for Alzheimer Disease (AD)
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RECRUITING
PHASE1/PHASE2
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Nonfluent/Agrammatic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
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TERMINATED
NA
Glymphatic Function TMS Study
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
PHASE2
Network-guided TMS in Early Alzheimer's Disease
NCT04549155
COMPLETED
NA
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Slow Down Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease
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RECRUITING
NA
Task-dependent Effects of TMS on the Neural Biomarkers of Episodic Memory
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COMPLETED
NA
Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
NCT07324161
RECRUITING
NA
Network-based rTMS in Alzheimer's Disease
NCT04263194
UNKNOWN
NA
Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
NCT00753662
UNKNOWN
PHASE2
Language Localization Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Patients With Epilepsy
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COMPLETED
rTMS Treatment of Primary Progressive Aphasia
NCT04431401
COMPLETED
NA
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Dementia
NCT02621424
COMPLETED
NA