Breathing Protocol in Breath-hold Divers

NCT ID: NCT04366414

Last Updated: 2020-04-28

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 46 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2020-10-01
• Study Completion Date: 2020-12-14

Brief Summary

The aim of this randomized controlled trial study was to assess the effects of an 4-week exercise program on the recovery capacity after a voluntary maximal apnea. Participants will be randomly allocated to perform an experimental breathing protocol (NR-HB), or an usual training using their usual breathing (UB) protocol.

Detailed Description

It is a multi-center study. 2 different Spanish Freedivers Centres are included in the study (Madrid and Zaragoza).

Divers were randomly assigned to receive an experimental training (NR-HB) or to be included in the Control Group (UB).

The trial included two study visits. Each exercise training program will be applied sessions per week during 4 weeks. Participants received baseline assessments at the beginning of any intervention, and post-intervention assessments at the end of the fourth week.

Conditions

Exercise Training; Apnea; Breathholding; Breathing Exercises

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

hook breathing removing nose-clip

It will apply a usual training program for 4 weeks, 4hours and 30 min per week distributed equally over 3 days in the week. In each session, it was performed 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one. Then was performed a maximal-dynamic apnoea. To finish the session, was performed a continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes.

During that training, only this group will perform an experimental breathing protocol consisted of removing nose-clip previous to surface and then perform hook breathing during 20 seconds. This protocol was applied at the end of each of the 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas and after the maximal-dynamic apnoea

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

hook breathing removing nose-clip

Intervention Type: OTHER

Participants will perform 3 days per week of usual training, involving intense exercise 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one per session, and continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down.

The experimental breathing protocol consisted on to remove nose-clip previous to surface and then perform hook breathing during 20 seconds.

usual breathing (UB)

It will apply a usual training program for 4 weeks, 4hours and 30 min per week distributed equally over 3 days in the week. In each session, it was performed 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one. Then was performed a maximal-dynamic apnoea. To finish the session, was performed a continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

usual breathing (UB)

Intervention Type: OTHER

Participants will perform 3 days per week of usual training, involving intense exercise 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one per session, and continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down.

Interventions

hook breathing removing nose-clip

Participants will perform 3 days per week of usual training, involving intense exercise 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one per session, and continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down.

The experimental breathing protocol consisted on to remove nose-clip previous to surface and then perform hook breathing during 20 seconds.

Intervention Type: OTHER

usual breathing (UB)

Participants will perform 3 days per week of usual training, involving intense exercise 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one per session, and continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes, including warm-up, recovery between intervals and cool down.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Absence of pain or illness
• No changes in cognitive ability
• Over 18 years old.
• Member of the Spanish Federation of Underwater Activities.
• Positive medical examination that allows the diver to practice voluntary apnea.

Exclusion Criteria

• People with systemic diseases, tumors, infections, pacemakers, history of epilepsy, hydrophobia, pregnancy women, pharmacological treatment.
• To be participating in other physical activities during the experimental research

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Centro Universitario La Salle

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Fran de Asís Fernández

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Madrid FREEDIVERS association

Madrid, , Spain

Countries

Spain

Central Contacts

Francisco de Asís Fernández, PhD

Role: CONTACT

frandeasis@lasallecampus.es

(+34) 91 7401 980

Facility Contacts

Francisco de Asís Fernández

Role: primary

References

Andersson JP, Liner MH, Runow E, Schagatay EK. Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Sep;93(3):882-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2001.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 12183481 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

CSEULS-PI-215/2018

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id