Eating Chocolate at the Right Time Benefits the Circadiam Sytem and Metabolic Efficiency.

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

19 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-11-01

Study Completion Date

2017-04-20

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this investigation is to test the hypothesis that in humans, eating a relatively big amount of chocolate at the wrong time (bedtime) may disrupt our circadian system (change the circadian phase), while taking this same amount of chocolate in the morning (wake up condition) may synchronize it. Other related factors may be also affected such as total body weight and body fat, dietary habits (total energy intake and macronutrient distribution), the timing of food intake and of sleep, daily rhythms of TAP, microflora composition and postprandial glycemia.

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Detailed Description

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Recent studies suggest that not only "what" the people eat, but also "when" the people eat may have a significant role in obesity treatment and in the regulation of the circadian system. Thus, the hypothesis of this study is eating a relatively big amount of chocolate at the wrong time, bedtime may affect:

1. Metabolism: resting energy expenditure, corrected resting energy respiratory quotient (RQ)
2. Glucose metabolism
3. Total weight loss
4. Food intake, total energy intake, and type of food
5. Microflora (feces)
6. Mood
7. Disrupt our circadian system 7a) Changes in Temperature, Actimetry, and Position 7b) Electrocardiogram (ECG) 7c) Melatonin (two points) cortisol rhythm (three points) While having this same amount of chocolate in the morning (wake up condition) may synchronize it.

Other related factors may be also affected such as total body weight and body fat, dietary habits (total energy intake and macronutrient distribution), the timing of food intake and of sleep, daily rhythms of TAP, microflora composition and postprandial glycemia.

19 women (postmenopausal) following the habitual dietary habits of participants (ad libitum) will have 30% of the habitual total daily calories in chocolate of participants (Nestle, "chocolate with milk") during two consecutive weeks each under three conditions: eating chocolate within 1 hour of habitual wake-time, eating chocolate within 1 hours of habitual bedtime, or eating no chocolate. No other chocolate (i.e., none at all in control and in the washout weeks).

The protocol will be a randomized, cross-over design, with a 1-week washout between each condition.

During the 14 days in each condition, the participants will record sleep and activity schedules by dairy, food intake and food timing by phone application, daily rhythms of wrist temperature, activity and position (TAP).

Conditions

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Menopause

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Morning Chocolate, then Evening/Night Chocolate and Control Chocolate

First condition is eating 100gr chocolate within one hour of habitual waketime. Second condition is eating 100gr of milk chocolate within 1 hours of habitual bedtime.

Third condition is eating no milk chocolate or other chocolate.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL