Combining Motor Imagery With Action Observation Does Not Lead to a Greater Autonomic Response Than Motor Imagery Alone During Simple and Functional Movements: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

NCT ID: NCT03232879

Last Updated: 2018-03-01

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 45 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2017-01-30
• Study Completion Date: 2017-06-30

Brief Summary

The main objective of this study was to compare the activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System in a program that combined Motor Imagery with Action Observation, in contrast to an isolated Motor Imagery program on the one hand in asymptomatic subjects and in the other hand in patients with chronic low back pain.

Detailed Description

Motor Imagery (MI) is defined as a dynamic mental process that involves the representation of an action, in an internal way, without its actual motor execution. The Action Observation (AO) evokes an internal, real-time motor simulation of the movements that the observer is perceiving visually. Both mental processes trigger the activation of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the planning and execution of voluntary movements in a manner that resembles how the action is performed in a real manner.

Both observation and imagination share a great number of common mental processes based primarily on sensory perception, and the information stored by memory systems. The activation of the motor command during a mental practice does not induce an active movement probably due to an inhibitory mechanism in the primary motor cortex on the descending corticospinal tract pathways. However, this inhibition is not complete, for it is well known that the training of mental practice involves a component of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

It has been shown that both MI and AO lead to changes in the ANS that cause excitatory sympathetic responses, although the neurophysiological bases remain uncertain and are still based on hypotheses. The functional relations between both neurocognitive processes and the sympathetic-excitatory nervous system (SNS) could be based on a preparation phase in which, the activation of the SNS, happens to a near effort and, therefore, to a close energy expenditure in physiological processes (i.e., cardiorespiratory adaptationse) which will take place in order to face said metabolic changes produced by the voluntary movement itself. In addition, several hypotheses have been described regarding the notion that the SNS not only has the quantitative objective of providing energy to the muscle effectors, but that it also qualitatively and specifically designs and adapts the parameters on demand in an attempt to save the energy provided for each precise motor execution.

Taking into account that both MI and AO cause sympathetic-excitatory changes that induce an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, electrodermal activity , our hypothesis is that the combination of MI and AO induces an autonomic sympathetic-excitatory shift greater than MI does in isolation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the results obtained from intervention groups on the subject of the activation of the SNS in a program that combined MI with AO, in contrast to an isolated MI program on the one hand in asymptomatic subjects and in the other hand in patients with chronic low back pain.. The secondary objective of the present study was to explore whether there is any relationship between the sympathetic-excitatory response and the ability to generate motor imagery, the mental chronometry, and the level of physical activity.

Conditions

Autonomic Nervous System

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Experimental 1

Motor Imagery

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Motor Imagery

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Two consecutive 30 seconds imagery tasks were performed, both based on two movements that are recorded in the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R).

Experimental 2

Action Observation

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Action Observation

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Two consecutive 30 seconds imagery tasks were performed, both based on two movements that are recorded in the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R). Before the subjects performed the mental MI practice, they were presented with a 30 seconds video that displayed the task that they ought to imagine later. A video was played prior to the first practice of imagination and after the second mental practice, a second video was shown.

Control Group

No intervention

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Motor Imagery

Two consecutive 30 seconds imagery tasks were performed, both based on two movements that are recorded in the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R).

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Action Observation

Two consecutive 30 seconds imagery tasks were performed, both based on two movements that are recorded in the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R). Before the subjects performed the mental MI practice, they were presented with a 30 seconds video that displayed the task that they ought to imagine later. A video was played prior to the first practice of imagination and after the second mental practice, a second video was shown.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age between 18 and 60
• Healthy and with no pain subjects

• Low back pain for at least the prior 3 months
• Low back pain of nonspecific nature
• Age between 18 and 60
• Low back pain for at least 10 days per month
• Intensity of pain of between 3 and 10 on the Visual Analogue Scale

Exclusion Criteria

• Any cognitive impairment that hindered viewing of audiovisual material.
• Difficulty understanding or communicating.
• Presence of systemic pathology, Central Nervous System or rheumatic disease.
• Inadequate understanding of the Spanish language to follow instructions for measuring and treatment.
• Collaboration of pregnant women.
• Underage subjects
• Subjects with pain at the time of the study.

• Any cognitive impairment that hindered viewing of audiovisual material.
• Difficulty understanding or communicating.
• Presence of systemic pathology, Central Nervous System or rheumatic disease.
• Inadequate understanding of the Spanish language to follow instructions for measuring and treatment.
• Collaboration of pregnant women.
• Underage subjects
• Having undergone back surgery
• Specific spinal pathology
• Recent trauma

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Centro Universitario La Salle

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Roy La Touche Arbizu

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

CSEU La Salle

Madrid, , Spain

Countries

Spain

Other Identifiers

2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id