NEPAL (Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan)

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

105 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-07-31

Study Completion Date

2024-02-04

Brief Summary

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Musculoskeletal pain represents the leading cause of disability worldwide. It has been traditionally attributed to peripheral mechanisms, but peripheral damage, inflammation, and psychological factors have failed to significantly account for the presence, absence, or severity of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Recent studies show that individuals with CMP exhibit dysfunctional pain modulation supporting a significant central nervous system (CNS) contribution. However, the CNS mechanisms underlying these changes in pain modulation are not currently known, nor is their relation to clinical pain progression. The proposed pilot examines brain circuits recently described in predicting the transition from acute to chronic pain, in predicting clinical and experimental pain changes as well as physical performance and mobility changes in older persons with musculoskeletal pain over a one year period. The findings will provide novel and important information regarding the mechanisms underlying aberrant pain processing and its functional consequences in older adults with musculoskeletal pain. The information learned can be subsequently used to target treatment and prevention strategies in future studies of older adults. The central hypothesis is that increased functional and structural connectivity of cortico-striatal regions will be significantly associated with baseline clinical and experimental pain and decreased physical function in persons with CMP and will account for more rapid clinical pain and disability progression over time.

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Detailed Description

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Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is the most common, non-malignant disabling condition that affects at least one in four older people. The most common painful musculoskeletal conditions among older adults are osteoarthritis, low back pain, fibromyalgia, chronic shoulder pain, knee pain, myofascial pain syndrome and previous fracture sites. Recent studies demonstrate generalized alterations of pain processing among older individuals with CMP. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying CMP-related changes in pain modulation will provide a basis for the development of targeted preventive and rehabilitative strategies. In light of evidence emphasizing plasticity of white matter connections, and the potential pain relieving effects of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions, it seems reasonable to identify these connections as potential targets for future treatment approaches. Given the expected growth of the older population, such strategies could have a monumental impact in reducing healthcare expenditures and improving the quality of life of older adults.

Conditions

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Musculoskeletal Pain Pain, Chronic

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Older Adults with Musculoskeletal Pain

Older adults (60+ years old) experiencing musculoskeletal pain will undergo: MRI Neuroimaging, Quantitative Sensory Testing, Physical and Cognitive Function Testing, and questionnaire batteries.

MRI Neuroimaging

Intervention Type OTHER

MRI scans utilized to measure the structural and functional integrity of the brain.

Quantitative Sensory Testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Vibratory Detection Thresholds; Tactile Detection Thresholds; Thermal Detection Thresholds, Pain Thresholds, and Temporal Summation; Allodynia and Temporal Summation; Punctate Pain Testing and Temporal Summation; and Pressure Pain Thresholds.

Questionnaires

Intervention Type OTHER

The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Edinburg Handedness Inventory, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the state and trait versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the state and trait versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), pain questionnaires (the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain-Detect, the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R)), a standardized paper and pencil cognitive battery (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Trail Making A\&B, Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Stroop Interference Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, and Raven's Progressive Matrices Test).

Physical and Cognitive Function Testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Upper Limb Isometric Strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), GAITRite Instrumented Walking, Galvanic Skin Response, Knee Extension Isokinetic Strength, the Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability (PAT-D), and an electronic NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery.

Older Adults without Musculoskeletal Pain

Older adults (60+ years old) not experiencing musculoskeletal pain will undergo: MRI Neuroimaging, Quantitative Sensory Testing, Physical and Cognitive Function Testing, and questionnaire batteries.

MRI Neuroimaging

Intervention Type OTHER

MRI scans utilized to measure the structural and functional integrity of the brain.

Quantitative Sensory Testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Vibratory Detection Thresholds; Tactile Detection Thresholds; Thermal Detection Thresholds, Pain Thresholds, and Temporal Summation; Allodynia and Temporal Summation; Punctate Pain Testing and Temporal Summation; and Pressure Pain Thresholds.

Questionnaires

Intervention Type OTHER

The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Edinburg Handedness Inventory, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the state and trait versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the state and trait versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), pain questionnaires (the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain-Detect, the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R)), a standardized paper and pencil cognitive battery (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Trail Making A\&B, Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Stroop Interference Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, and Raven's Progressive Matrices Test).

Physical and Cognitive Function Testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Upper Limb Isometric Strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), GAITRite Instrumented Walking, Galvanic Skin Response, Knee Extension Isokinetic Strength, the Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability (PAT-D), and an electronic NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery.

Young Controls

Healthy young adults (18-25 years old) not experiencing musculoskeletal pain will undergo: MRI Neuroimaging, Quantitative Sensory Testing, Physical and Cognitive Function Testing, and questionnaire batteries.

MRI Neuroimaging

Intervention Type OTHER

MRI scans utilized to measure the structural and functional integrity of the brain.

Quantitative Sensory Testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Vibratory Detection Thresholds; Tactile Detection Thresholds; Thermal Detection Thresholds, Pain Thresholds, and Temporal Summation; Allodynia and Temporal Summation; Punctate Pain Testing and Temporal Summation; and Pressure Pain Thresholds.

Questionnaires

Intervention Type OTHER

The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Edinburg Handedness Inventory, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the state and trait versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the state and trait versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), pain questionnaires (the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain-Detect, the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R)), a standardized paper and pencil cognitive battery (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Trail Making A\&B, Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Stroop Interference Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, and Raven's Progressive Matrices Test).

Physical and Cognitive Function Testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Upper Limb Isometric Strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), GAITRite Instrumented Walking, Galvanic Skin Response, Knee Extension Isokinetic Strength, the Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability (PAT-D), and an electronic NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery.

Interventions

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MRI Neuroimaging

MRI scans utilized to measure the structural and functional integrity of the brain.

Intervention Type OTHER

Quantitative Sensory Testing

Vibratory Detection Thresholds; Tactile Detection Thresholds; Thermal Detection Thresholds, Pain Thresholds, and Temporal Summation; Allodynia and Temporal Summation; Punctate Pain Testing and Temporal Summation; and Pressure Pain Thresholds.

Intervention Type OTHER

Questionnaires

The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Edinburg Handedness Inventory, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the state and trait versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the state and trait versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), pain questionnaires (the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain-Detect, the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R)), a standardized paper and pencil cognitive battery (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Trail Making A\&B, Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Stroop Interference Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, and Raven's Progressive Matrices Test).

Intervention Type OTHER

Physical and Cognitive Function Testing

Upper Limb Isometric Strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), GAITRite Instrumented Walking, Galvanic Skin Response, Knee Extension Isokinetic Strength, the Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability (PAT-D), and an electronic NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) QST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* older adults over 60 years of age with and without musculoskeletal pain
* healthy young adults between the ages of 18-25

Exclusion Criteria

* pregnant women
* history of alcohol/drug abuse in the past
* known intra-cerebral pathology or epilepsy
* significant cognitive impairment as evidenced by the 3MS
* hospitalizations for mental health reasons in the past year
* not meeting MRI screening requirements (implants, prosthesis, artificial limb/joint, shunt, metal rods, hearing aid, claustrophobia or anxiety)
* chronic/current use of narcotic medications
* serious systemic (uncontrolled diabetes; self reported A1C\>7), neurological , or cardiovascular disease (uncontrolled hypertension \>155/90)
* liver or kidney disease
* inability to consent for study participation

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes