Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
81 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2006-09-30
2007-12-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Signs and symptoms show either cholinergic or adrenergic predominance. Cholinergic symptoms are profuse sweating, priapism, bradycardia, increased salivary and bronchial secretions and vomiting. Adrenergic symptoms are transient hypertension followed by hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnoea, pulmonary edema and circulatory failure in later stages. Scorpion venom blocks voltage dependent inactivation of sodium channels, resulting in intense persistent voltage depolarization of autonomic nerves with massive release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla and parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve endings.
Prazosin a selective alpha-1 blocker is used as the treatment for scorpion sting, which can only counteract the manifestations of sympathetic over-activity. Experimentally and clinically it is seen that scorpion venom stays in the body for 24-36 hours, as Prazosin does not neutralize the venom, 3 hourly round the clock doses of prazosin and continuous I.C.U. monitoring is necessary with alpha blocker therapy. However, ideal treatment modality remains neutralization of venom in the systemic circulation.
Since 1997 enzyme refined AScVS ( Monovalent Anti-scorpion venom serum against Mesobuthus tamulus concanesis Pocock.) has been made available by Haffkine Biopharmaceuticals, Mumbai for field use. Throughout the konkan(western coastal Maharashtra, India) area the same species of scorpions responsible for fatal envenomation is found.
From 1997-2002, 48 patients of serious scorpion envenomation were treated with AScVS(1). Based on this experience a clinical scoring system for dose requirement was evolved based on sweating, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, CNS effects and presence of priapism. In our experience computed doses given as intravenous bolus are more effective and successfully ameliorated signs and symptoms in all patients. Subsequently 16 patients were given treatment with either AScVS (n=8), Prazosin (n=5) and a combination of both (n=3) so as to compare the effects of these available treatment modalities. It was found that the patients receiving either AScVs or a combination showed a complete recovery approximately within 4 hours of onset of therapy as against patients receiving Prazosin, who required 16 hours for recovery. There was no mortality in any of the group. There was not a single incidence of anaphylaxis after administration of AScVS. Release of adrenaline in the systemic circulation by scorpion sting itself appears to be protective against the danger of anaphylaxis. The label on the AScVS vials states that the maximum dose is 3 vials, which can be given either intramuscular or by intravenous route. However we used AScVS as slow bolus intravenously and dose was decided clinically depending upon the severity of the patient condition. (maximum 10-15vials.) Based on this experience, an open labeled, randomized controlled parallel group clinical trial has been initiated. Eighty-three patients have been recruited so far, 28 patients each, in AScVS and AScVS + prazosin group and 27 patients in Prazosin group, two patients out of 27 in Prazosin group were withdrawn as both the pediatric patients (around 12 years old) developed pulmonary edema after few hours, so AScVS had to be given. The onset of relief (based on composite score) with AScVS or combination of AScVS with prazosin was early and complete recovery occurred at 4.14+/- 1.6 hrs. and 3.46+/- 1.10hours. However, in patients receiving only prazosin, the clinical score was found to worsen initially, followed by a gradual improvement and subsequent complete recovery, at 19.28 +/- 5.03 hrs. (p\<0.001 vs AScVS). Recovery time with AScVS is much shorter because after complete neutralization of venom, fresh secretion of catecholamines stop and adrenaline and nor-adrenaline which are already in circulation have action as short as 1 to 2 minutes. These findings appear consistent with our clinical experience and indicate that in the near future AScVS would evolve as a safe, efficacious and life saving treatment modality for patients with severe scorpion envenomation. Use of clinical scoring system can enable the clinician to select the optimum dose of AScVS to be administered.
Neutralization of venom is thus proved to be better than therapy for complications, akin to the dictum 'prevention is better than cure'.
References:
1\. Natu VS, Murthy RKK, Deodhar KP. Efficacy of species specific Antiscorpion venom serum (AScVS) against severe, serious scorpion stings (mesobuthus tamulus concanesis pocock.)-An experience from rural hospital in western Maharashtra. JAPI, 2006; 54: 283-7.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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AScVS
a clinical scoring system for dose requirement for AScVS is evolved based on sweating, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, CNS effects and presence of priapism. Computed doses were given according to clinical grading as intravenous bolus slowly.
Antiscorpion venom serum(AScVS).
AScVS therapy group
If the score is 5 and if the patient belongs to pediatric group(\>12-14): 1 vial AScVS as i.v. slow bolus after test dose If the score is 5 and if the patient is adult: 2 vials of AScVS as i.v. slow bolus after test dose. For injection, 1 vial will be dissolved in 10 ml distilled water and given over a period of 4 to 5 minutes.
According to the scores 1 vial for pediatric and 2 vials for adult patient will be increased as shown below:
Vials of AScVS Composite score Child Adult 5-10 2 4 \> 10-15 3 6 \>15- 21 4 8
Prazosin.
Prazosin therapy Prazosin (30 micrograms/Kg/dose): 500 micrograms for pediatric patient, and 1mg for adult patients) will be given every 3 hourly orally till complete recovery.
T.Prazosin
Prazosin therapy Prazosin (30 micrograms/Kg/dose): 500 micrograms for pediatric patient, and 1mg for adult patients) will be given every 3 hourly orally till complete recovery.
AScVS + Prazosin
Combination AScVS and Prazosin therapy In this group, AScVS therapy will be given as mentioned in AScVS therapy group and in addition, prazosin (500 micrograms for pediatric patient and 1mg for adult patients,30 micrograms/Kg/dose) every 3 hourly will be given.
AScVS + Prazosin
Combination AScVS and Prazosin therapy In this group, AScVS therapy will be given as mentioned in AScVS therapy group and in addition, prazosin(500 micrograms for pediatric patient and 1mg for adult patients,30 micrograms/Kg/dose) every 3 hourly will be given.
Interventions
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Antiscorpion venom serum(AScVS).
AScVS therapy group
If the score is 5 and if the patient belongs to pediatric group(\>12-14): 1 vial AScVS as i.v. slow bolus after test dose If the score is 5 and if the patient is adult: 2 vials of AScVS as i.v. slow bolus after test dose. For injection, 1 vial will be dissolved in 10 ml distilled water and given over a period of 4 to 5 minutes.
According to the scores 1 vial for pediatric and 2 vials for adult patient will be increased as shown below:
Vials of AScVS Composite score Child Adult 5-10 2 4 \> 10-15 3 6 \>15- 21 4 8
T.Prazosin
Prazosin therapy Prazosin (30 micrograms/Kg/dose): 500 micrograms for pediatric patient, and 1mg for adult patients) will be given every 3 hourly orally till complete recovery.
AScVS + Prazosin
Combination AScVS and Prazosin therapy In this group, AScVS therapy will be given as mentioned in AScVS therapy group and in addition, prazosin(500 micrograms for pediatric patient and 1mg for adult patients,30 micrograms/Kg/dose) every 3 hourly will be given.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. reporting to the PHC/ hospital within 48 hours of scorpion sting and
3. associated with s/s of scorpion envenomation having composite score between 5 and 21 (as computed based on the criteria below:)
Criteria Grade Symptoms
Sweating 0 Limited to the extremity of the sting site.
1. Minimal sweating all over the body, slight nasal secretions
2. Generalized sweating with rigors and cold extremities.
3. Gen.profuse sweating,wetting of clothes and cold clammy skin.
Pulse rate 0 70- 90
1. 91 - 100
2. 101 - 120 or \< 70
3. 121 - 140 or \< 60 or irreg pulse
4. 141 - 160
5. \> 160
Respiratory rate 0 \< 20
1. 20 - 30
2. 31 - 40 without crepitations
3. 31 - 40 with crepitations
4. \> 40 with crepitations
5. \> 40 with crepitations and cyanosis
Blood pressure 0 120/80
1. Systolic: 121 -140 and diastolic: 81 -90
2. Systolic: 141 -160 and diastolic: 91-100
3. Syst: 161 -180 and diast: 101-110 Or syst \<100
4. Syst: 181 -200 and diast: 111-120 Or syst \<100
5. Syst: \> 200 and diast: \>120 Or syst \< 60
CNS effects 0 No sensory involvement
1. Minimal tingling numbness around mouth
2. Tingling, numbness around mouth and giddiness
3. Altered sensorium, patient roudy
4. Patient semiconscious
5. Patient unconscious
Priapism 2 Slight erection 3 Strong erection
To obtain a composite score, grades for individual criterion will be added. Maximum score: 25 and minimum score: 0
Exclusion Criteria
2. Grade of 5 in any of the criterion
3. Severe Pulmonary edema with oxygen saturation below 80%.
4. Severe scorpion envenomation with reporting time more than 2 days
5. Any other serious medical disease which/treatment of which may confound the results e.g. cardiac diseases, diabetes, renal diseases etc.
6. Severe anaphylactic reaction to any of the study drugs
7. Patient (or relative in case of child) not willing to participate
12 Years
65 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd.
INDUSTRY
Responsible Party
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Vijayshree hospital, Umroli, Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. 415702.
Principal Investigators
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Dr Vivek S Natu, M.S.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Vijayshree Hospital, Umroli, Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
Dr. Santosh Kamerkar, M.S
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Cottage Hospital Mangaon,Raigad,Maharashtra, India
Dr. Geeta Kadam, M.B.B.S.
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Cottage Hospital Mangaon,Raigad,Maharashtra, India
Dr. Vidya Kamble, M.B.B.S.
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Cottage Hospital Mangaon,Raigad,Maharashtra, India
Dr. Vikas Natu, MBBS DCH
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Natu Hospital Chiplun,Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,India
Dr. Sanjeev Sane, MBBS DCH
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Sane Hospital Chiplun,Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,India
Dr. Rajesh Kushte, MBBSDCH
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Kushte Hospital Chiplun,Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,India
Dr. Sunil Thatte, M.D.
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Attending physician at Natu, Sane & Kushte Hospital Chiplun,Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,India
Dr. Uchil Dinesh, Ph.D.
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
A.R.C. K.E.M. Hospital Mumbai,Maharashtra,India
Dr. Nirmala Rege, M.D.
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
A.R.C. K.E.M. Hospital Mumbai,Maharashtra,India
Dr. Ravindra Bapat, M.S.
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
K.E.M. Hospital Mumbai,Maharashtra,India
Locations
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Kushte Hospital
Chiplūn, Maharashtra, India
Natu Hospital
Chiplūn, Maharashtra, India
Sane Hospital
Chiplūn, Maharashtra, India
Mangaon cottage hospital, Mangaon.
Dist. Raigad., Maharashtra, India
Vijayshree Hospital,At & Po.Umroli,Tal. Chiplun.
Dist. Ratnagiri., Maharashtra, India
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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AScVS vs Prazosin
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id