Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Total Enrollment
184 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
1980-04-30
Study Completion Date
2008-08-31
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
To identify the early emergence and stability of children's hostile behaviors and their associated psychophysiological responses to behavioral challenges, which are possible risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adulthood; and to specify their determinants and consequences.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression
NCT00842439
Aggression
COMPLETED
NA
Preventing Aggressive Behavior in Demented Patients
NCT00622128
Dementia
Aggression
COMPLETED
PHASE3
Boosting Infant Resilience and Development
NCT04737564
Child Maltreatment
UNKNOWN
NA
Facing Adverse Childhood Experiences
NCT05122988
Adverse Childhood Experiences
COMPLETED
Family-Based Prevention Program for Childhood Anxiety
NCT00078728
Anxiety Disorders
COMPLETED
NA
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
Beginning in 1980, the longitudinal study examined the Type A behavior pattern, hostility, physiological responses and family interactive behaviors in primarily white, upper-middle class children and parents. The study was renewed several times. In the fiscal year 1992 renewal, the research was extended to include the study of Black children and those from lower-middle to middle class families. The inclusion of these groups is important not only because these they have been understudied, but also because an examination is needed of developmental factors that may be important in accounting for the much higher incidence of hypertension and related disorders in Blacks and in lower and lower-middle class groups. The current study examines the patterns of cardiovascular responses exhibited by Black and white children in order to better assess hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system mechanisms that underlie these responses. It also examines how these hemodynamic patterns relate to cardiovascular risk factors such as body fat distribution, left ventricular geometry (via echocardiography), as well as insulin, glucose, and lipid levels and it explores a new conceptualization of hostility indices and cardiovascular risk factors.
A total of 184 Black and white children and adolescents of both genders are recruited for participation, half being pre-pubescent (9-10 years old) and half being post-pubescent (15-16 years old). The first laboratory session consists of a fasting venous blood draw, collection of anthropomorphic data, a psychophysiological stress protocol involving four tasks selected to elicit different autonomic nervous system responses, and completion of standardized questionnaires to assess hostility and social support. A second session involves an echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and cardiac performance variables, the Type A Structured Interview, and an interview examining how subjects process information about hostile intentions and actions of others.
The study has been extended through August 2007 to re-assess adolescents enrolled in Project Pressure three years after their initial assessment to address key hypotheses regarding the early emergence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adolescence and their antecedents and consequences. In the initial phase of Project Pressure, the investigators collected data from 217 black and white, male and female high school students to test cross-sectionally a model of the development of CVD risk factors. Their model suggests that adolescents' socioeconomic status and ethnicity affect their exposure to psychological stress, including discrimination, which, in turn, is thought to lead to the development of the propensity to be vigilant for possible threat, to view ambiguous situations as potentially harmful, and to mistrust others. These cognitive propensities may become more automatic with development and lead to stable traits of hostility, anxiety, and heightened cardiovascular responsivity to stress. These traits may then affect the early development of vascular stiffness and left ventricular mass. They now propose to test the model longitudinally using the same measures as in the initial assessment, plus adding some new measures that take advantage of recent technological and conceptual advances: (a) endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima medial thickness; (b) coping with discrimination and ethnic identity; and (c) depression. They anticipate that 165 of the previous adolescents will be reassessed, which is adequate in terms of power to test our key hypotheses. The longitudinal design will be a stronger test of the model than the previous cross-sectional study.
Beginning in 1980, the longitudinal study examined the Type A behavior pattern, hostility, physiological responses and family interactive behaviors in primarily white, upper-middle class children and parents. The study was renewed several times. In the fiscal year 1992 renewal, the research was extended to include the study of Black children and those from lower-middle to middle class families. The inclusion of these groups is important not only because these they have been understudied, but also because an examination is needed of developmental factors that may be important in accounting for the much higher incidence of hypertension and related disorders in Blacks and in lower and lower-middle class groups. The current study examines the patterns of cardiovascular responses exhibited by Black and white children in order to better assess hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system mechanisms that underlie these responses. It also examines how these hemodynamic patterns relate to cardiovascular risk factors such as body fat distribution, left ventricular geometry (via echocardiography), as well as insulin, glucose, and lipid levels and it explores a new conceptualization of hostility indices and cardiovascular risk factors.
A total of 184 Black and white children and adolescents of both genders are recruited for participation, half being pre-pubescent (9-10 years old) and half being post-pubescent (15-16 years old). The first laboratory session consists of a fasting venous blood draw, collection of anthropomorphic data, a psychophysiological stress protocol involving four tasks selected to elicit different autonomic nervous system responses, and completion of standardized questionnaires to assess hostility and social support. A second session involves an echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and cardiac performance variables, the Type A Structured Interview, and an interview examining how subjects process information about hostile intentions and actions of others.
The study has been extended through August 2007 to re-assess adolescents enrolled in Project Pressure three years after their initial assessment to address key hypotheses regarding the early emergence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adolescence and their antecedents and consequences. In the initial phase of Project Pressure, the investigators collected data from 217 black and white, male and female high school students to test cross-sectionally a model of the development of CVD risk factors. Their model suggests that adolescents' socioeconomic status and ethnicity affect their exposure to psychological stress, including discrimination, which, in turn, is thought to lead to the development of the propensity to be vigilant for possible threat, to view ambiguous situations as potentially harmful, and to mistrust others. These cognitive propensities may become more automatic with development and lead to stable traits of hostility, anxiety, and heightened cardiovascular responsivity to stress. These traits may then affect the early development of vascular stiffness and left ventricular mass. They now propose to test the model longitudinally using the same measures as in the initial assessment, plus adding some new measures that take advantage of recent technological and conceptual advances: (a) endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima medial thickness; (b) coping with discrimination and ethnic identity; and (c) depression. They anticipate that 165 of the previous adolescents will be reassessed, which is adequate in terms of power to test our key hypotheses. The longitudinal design will be a stronger test of the model than the previous cross-sectional study.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart Diseases
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
Observational Model Type
ECOLOGIC_OR_COMMUNITY
Study Time Perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
No eligibility criteria
Minimum Eligible Age
9 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
16 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Pittsburgh
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Karen Matthews
Distinguished Professor
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Karen Matthews, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pittsburgh
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Gump BB, Matthews KA. Vigilance and cardiovascular reactivity to subsequent stressors in men: a preliminary study. Health Psychol. 1998 Jan;17(1):93-6. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.1.93.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Gump BB, Block DR, Allen MT. Does background stress heighten or dampen children's cardiovascular responses to acute stress? Psychosom Med. 1997 Sep-Oct;59(5):488-96. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199709000-00005.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Allen MT, Matthews KA, Sherman FS. Cardiovascular reactivity to stress and left ventricular mass in youth. Hypertension. 1997 Oct;30(4):782-7. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.30.4.782.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA. Origins of the Type A (coronary-prone) behavior pattern. J S C Med Assoc. 1983 Oct;79(10):551-6. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Rosenman RH, Dembroski TM, Harris EL, MacDougall JM. Familial resemblance in components of the type A behavior pattern: a reanalysis of the California type A twin study. Psychosom Med. 1984 Nov-Dec;46(6):512-22. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198411000-00004.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Jennings JR, Matthews KA. The impatience of youth: phasic cardiovascular response in type A and type B elementary school-aged boys. Psychosom Med. 1984 Nov-Dec;46(6):498-511. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198411000-00003.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Jennings JR. Cardiovascular responses of boys exhibiting the type A behavior pattern. Psychosom Med. 1984 Nov-Dec;46(6):484-97. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198411000-00002.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Avis NE. Stability of overt Type A behaviors in children: results from a one-year longitudinal study. Child Dev. 1983 Dec;54(6):1507-12.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Siegel JM, Matthews KA, Leitch CJ. Blood pressure variability and the type A behavior pattern in adolescence. J Psychosom Res. 1983;27(4):265-72. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(83)90048-x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Volkin JI. Efforts to excel and the type A behavior pattern in children. Child Dev. 1981;52(4):1283-9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Siegel JM, Matthews KA, Leitch CJ. Validation of the type A interview assessment of adolescents: a multidimensional approach. Psychosom Med. 1981 Aug;43(4):311-21. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198108000-00004.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA. Coronary heart disease and type A behaviors: update on and alternative to the Booth-Kewley and Friedman (1987) quantitative review. Psychol Bull. 1988 Nov;104(3):373-80. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.104.3.373. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Woodall KL, Matthews KA. Familial environment associated with type A behaviors and psychophysiological responses to stress in children. Health Psychol. 1989;8(4):403-26. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.8.4.403.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Manuck SB, Stoney CM, Rakaczky CJ, McCann BS, Saab PG, Woodall KL, Block DR, Visintainer PF, Engebretson TO. Familial aggregation of blood pressure and heart rate responses during behavioral stress. Psychosom Med. 1988 Jul-Aug;50(4):341-52. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198807000-00003.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Stoney CM, Matthews KA. Parental history of hypertension and myocardial infarction predicts cardiovascular responses to behavioral stressors in middle-aged men and women. Psychophysiology. 1988 May;25(3):269-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb01241.x. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Visintainer PF, Matthews KA. Stability of overt type A behaviors in children: results from a two- and five-year longitudinal study. Child Dev. 1987 Dec;58(6):1586-91.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Rakaczky CJ, Stoney CM, Manuck SB. Are cardiovascular responses to behavioral stressors a stable individual difference variable in childhood? Psychophysiology. 1987 Jul;24(4):464-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00318.x. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Stoney CM, Rakaczky CJ, Jamison W. Family characteristics and school achievements of type A children. Health Psychol. 1986;5(5):453-67. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.5.5.453.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Murray DM, Matthews KA, Blake SM, Prineas RJ, Gillum RF. Type A behavior in children: demographic, behavioral, and physiological correlates. Health Psychol. 1986;5(2):159-69. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.5.2.159.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Manuck SB, Saab PG. Cardiovascular responses of adolescents during a naturally occurring stressor and their behavioral and psychophysiological predictors. Psychophysiology. 1986 Mar;23(2):198-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00618.x. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Woodall KL, Allen MT. Cardiovascular reactivity to stress predicts future blood pressure status. Hypertension. 1993 Oct;22(4):479-85. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.22.4.479.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Woodall KL, Matthews KA. Changes in and stability of hostile characteristics: results from a 4-year longitudinal study of children. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Mar;64(3):491-9. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.64.3.491.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Porges SW, Matthews KA, Pauls DL. The biobehavioral interface in behavioral pediatrics. Pediatrics. 1992 Nov;90(5 Pt 2):789-97. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Woodall KL, Engebretson TO, McCann BS, Stoney CM, Manuck SB, Saab PG. Influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and hostile attitudes and behaviors. Health Psychol. 1992;11(5):317-23. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.11.5.317.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Engebretson TO, Matthews KA. Dimensions of hostility in men, women, and boys: relationships to personality and cardiovascular responses to stress. Psychosom Med. 1992 May-Jun;54(3):311-23. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199205000-00007.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Woodall KL, Stoney CM. Changes in and stability of cardiovascular responses to behavioral stress: results from a four-year longitudinal study of children. Child Dev. 1990 Aug;61(4):1134-44.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Allen MT, Matthews KA. Hemodynamic responses to laboratory stressors in children and adolescents: the influences of age, race, and gender. Psychophysiology. 1997 May;34(3):329-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02403.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Woodall KL, Kenyon K, Jacob T. Negative family environment as a predictor of boys' future status on measures of hostile attitudes, interview behavior, and anger expression. Health Psychol. 1996 Jan;15(1):30-7. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.15.1.30.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Adler N, Matthews K. Health psychology: why do some people get sick and some stay well? Annu Rev Psychol. 1994;45:229-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.001305. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lassner JB, Matthews KA, Stoney CM. Are cardiovascular reactors to asocial stress also reactors to social stress? J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Jan;66(1):69-77. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.1.69.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gump BB, Matthews KA, Raikkonen K. Modeling relationships among socioeconomic status, hostility, cardiovascular reactivity, and left ventricular mass in African American and White children. Health Psychol. 1999 Mar;18(2):140-50. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.18.2.140.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Allen MT, Matthews KA, Kenyon KL. The relationships of resting baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability and measures of impulse control in children and adolescents. Int J Psychophysiol. 2000 Aug;37(2):185-94. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00089-1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Salomon K, Matthews KA, Allen MT. Patterns of sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivity in a sample of children and adolescents. Psychophysiology. 2000 Nov;37(6):842-9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chen E, Matthews KA. Cognitive appraisal biases: an approach to understanding the relation between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular reactivity in children. Ann Behav Med. 2001 Spring;23(2):101-11. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2302_4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chen E, Matthews KA, Boyce WT. Socioeconomic differences in children's health: how and why do these relationships change with age? Psychol Bull. 2002 Mar;128(2):295-329. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.295.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Salomon K, Kenyon K, Allen MT. Stability of children's and adolescents' hemodynamic responses to psychological challenge: a three-year longitudinal study of a multiethnic cohort of boys and girls. Psychophysiology. 2002 Nov;39(6):826-34. doi: 10.1111/1469-8986.3960826.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ewart CK, Jorgensen RS, Suchday S, Chen E, Matthews KA. Measuring stress resilience and coping in vulnerable youth: the Social Competence Interview. Psychol Assess. 2002 Sep;14(3):339-52. doi: 10.1037//1040-3590.14.3.339.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chen E, Matthews KA. Development of the cognitive appraisal and understanding of social events (CAUSE) videos. Health Psychol. 2003 Jan;22(1):106-10. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.22.1.106.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gallo LC, Matthews KA. Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role? Psychol Bull. 2003 Jan;129(1):10-51. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Salomon K, Brady SS, Allen MT. Cardiovascular reactivity to stress predicts future blood pressure in adolescence. Psychosom Med. 2003 May-Jun;65(3):410-5. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000057612.94797.5f.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Troxel WM, Matthews KA. What are the costs of marital conflict and dissolution to children's physical health? Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2004 Mar;7(1):29-57. doi: 10.1023/b:ccfp.0000020191.73542.b0.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chen E, Langer DA, Raphaelson YE, Matthews KA. Socioeconomic status and health in adolescents: the role of stress interpretations. Child Dev. 2004 Jul-Aug;75(4):1039-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00724.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Goldbacher EM, Matthews KA, Salomon K. Central adiposity is associated with cardiovascular reactivity to stress in adolescents. Health Psychol. 2005 Jul;24(4):375-84. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.375.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Matthews KA, Salomon K, Kenyon K, Zhou F. Unfair treatment, discrimination, and ambulatory blood pressure in black and white adolescents. Health Psychol. 2005 May;24(3):258-65. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.258.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
4124
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.
Resilient Families Open Pilot: Dyadic Resiliency Intervention
NCT06239571
ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
Stepped Preventive Care to Reduce the Impact of Acute Pediatric Injury
NCT00451282
COMPLETED
PHASE3
Mental Health Services for Foster and Adopted Children
NCT00056303
COMPLETED
PHASE1
Stress and Hypertension in Dementia Caregivers
NCT05721482
COMPLETED
NA
Intervening Early With Neglected Children
NCT02093052
UNKNOWN
PHASE1/PHASE2
Effectiveness of an Anger and Stress Management Program on Reducing Blood Pressure Levels in Youth
NCT00508612
COMPLETED
PHASE2
Pennsylvania Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Program
NCT00727116
COMPLETED
NA
Endocrine and Psychological Evaluation of Adopted Children
NCT00368043
TERMINATED
Family Functioning and Child Behavior When a Sibling is Critically Ill
NCT00912626
COMPLETED
NA
Examining the Role of Pain in the Link Between Early Childhood Adversity and Psychopathology
NCT06445712
COMPLETED
NA
Treatment for Men Who Are Abusive to Their Partners
NCT00070863
COMPLETED
PHASE1
Expansion of Childhood Relationship Study to Young Adult Romantic Relationships
NCT01866852
COMPLETED
Effectiveness of an Adaptive Treatment Model for At-risk Family Caregivers
NCT00632684
COMPLETED
NA
Coaching Teachers in Bullying Detection and Intervention
NCT05321342
RECRUITING
NA
The Effect of Nonviolent Resistance in Parent Group Training in Child Psychiatric Care
NCT05086328
UNKNOWN
Cognitive Behavioral Aggression Treatment
NCT01264900
COMPLETED
PHASE2
Violence Prevention for Middle School Boys
NCT03109184
COMPLETED
NA
An Evidence-based Family Support Program for Parents and Children in Palestine: a Theory-based Intervention
NCT05706376
RECRUITING
NA
An Evaluation of an Integrated Approach to Prevention and Early Intervention in the Elementary School Years
NCT03132805
COMPLETED
NA
Effectiveness of Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT)
NCT06087302
RECRUITING
NA
Measuring Anticipated Attitudes and Behavior Towards a New Medical Treatment in Lesotho
NCT06246058
COMPLETED
Psychosocial Support for Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome
NCT05977049
RECRUITING
NA
Early Intervention to Promote Cardiovascular Health of Mothers and Children (ENRICH)
NCT05824741
COMPLETED
NA
School Based Prevention for Childhood Anxiety
NCT03044678
COMPLETED
NA
Brief Intervention in At-Risk First-time Mothers
NCT00230009
COMPLETED
PHASE1/PHASE2