Sensitivity of Load-Velocity Measures for Detecting Fatigue During Smith-Machine Squats
NCT ID: NCT07307963
Last Updated: 2025-12-29
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
28 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2024-05-05
2024-10-10
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The moderate-fatigue condition consisted of five sets at 70% 1RM, with participants performing half of their maximal possible repetitions per set. The high-fatigue condition required five sets performed to volitional failure using the same relative load. A control condition with no exercise was also included to establish non-fatigue reference values. L-V variables of interest included L0, v0, and Aline (calculated as L0 × v0 / 2). These variables were compared across conditions to determine their responsiveness to increasing levels of fatigue and their association with changes in neuromuscular performance, particularly reductions in 1RM strength.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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CASE_CROSSOVER
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Control Condition
Control Protocol Arm:
Participants completed no exercise between the pre- and post-session load-velocity tests.
Control Protocol (No Training)
This intervention consists of no training or exercise during the session. Participants assigned to the control arm rest for the entire duration between the pre-session and post-session load-velocity assessments. No fatigue-inducing activity, resistance exercise, or additional intervention is administered, allowing all observed changes to reflect normal variation without training-related fatigue.
Moderate-Fatigue Protocol
Participants performed 5 sets of the Smith-machine squat at 70% of their 1RM, completing half of the maximum possible number of repetitions in each set. This protocol was designed to induce a moderate level of fatigue while avoiding complete muscular failure.
Moderate-fatigue
Participants performed five sets of Smith-machine squats at 70% of their 1-repetition maximum (1RM), completing half of the maximum possible repetitions in each set. This protocol was designed to induce a moderate level of neuromuscular fatigue without reaching complete exhaustion.
High-Fatigue Protocol
In the high-fatigue protocol, participants performed five sets of Smith-machine squats at 70% of their 1RM, completing each set to muscular failure. In every set, participants continued lifting until they could no longer complete a full repetition with proper technique. This protocol was designed to induce a high level of neuromuscular fatigue and to test the sensitivity of load-velocity variables under maximal fatigue conditions.
High-fatigue
This intervention involves no training or fatigue-inducing activity. Participants do not perform any squat sets between the pre- and post-session incremental loading tests. This condition serves as a baseline to determine natural variations in load-velocity measures, thereby eliminating the influence of exercise-induced fatigue.
Interventions
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Control Protocol (No Training)
This intervention consists of no training or exercise during the session. Participants assigned to the control arm rest for the entire duration between the pre-session and post-session load-velocity assessments. No fatigue-inducing activity, resistance exercise, or additional intervention is administered, allowing all observed changes to reflect normal variation without training-related fatigue.
Moderate-fatigue
Participants performed five sets of Smith-machine squats at 70% of their 1-repetition maximum (1RM), completing half of the maximum possible repetitions in each set. This protocol was designed to induce a moderate level of neuromuscular fatigue without reaching complete exhaustion.
High-fatigue
This intervention involves no training or fatigue-inducing activity. Participants do not perform any squat sets between the pre- and post-session incremental loading tests. This condition serves as a baseline to determine natural variations in load-velocity measures, thereby eliminating the influence of exercise-induced fatigue.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Resistance-trained (minimum 2 years of regular lower-body resistance training and ≥2 sessions/week).
Able to perform a proper smith-machine back squat with correct technique.
1-RM smith-machine squat measurable and ≥ bodyweight (or specify threshold used in study).
No musculoskeletal injury of lower limbs or back in the past 6 months.
Not using performance-enhancing drugs or anabolic steroids for the past 12 months.
Willing and able to attend all testing and training sessions and provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria
Recent (≤6 months) lower-extremity or spinal surgery or acute injury.
Current musculoskeletal pain or injury that limits squat performance.
Use of medications that affect neuromuscular performance (e.g., systemic corticosteroids) or stimulant drugs.
Regular participation in structured lower-body rehabilitation programs.
Failure to complete familiarization or preliminary 1-RM testing.
Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent or follow study procedures.
18 Years
35 Years
MALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Istanbul Gelisim University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Deniz ŞENTÜRK
Assistant Professor, PhD
Principal Investigators
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Deniz Şentürk, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Istanbul Gelisim University
Locations
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İstanbul Gelişim Üniversity
Istanbul, avcılar, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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2024/04/67
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id