Restructuring the Alpha-Gamma Code in Aging Vision

NCT ID: NCT07208318

Last Updated: 2025-10-06

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: EARLY_PHASE1
• Total Enrollment: 240 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2026-01-10
• Study Completion Date: 2030-08-31

Brief Summary

Tests whether age-related visual deficits arise from disrupted alpha-gamma coupling in visual cortex (V1) and MT. Uses fMRI, source-resolved HD-EEG, and personalized complex-waveform HD-tACS to (1) quantify aging effects on phase-amplitude coupling, (2) drive PAC into a preferred "gamma-at-alpha-troughs" state, and (3) bidirectionally change perception by aligning gamma to alpha troughs vs peaks. Two five-day, double-blind, sham-controlled studies (n=120 each) target contrast sensitivity (V1) and 3D shape-from-motion (MT), aiming for mechanistic insight and remediation in older adults with implications for ADRD.

Detailed Description

The project probes a causal account of age-related perceptual decline by focusing on alpha-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in early visual cortex and area MT. The central hypothesis is that aging alters both the magnitude and phase structure of alpha-gamma interactions, degrading visual performance; restoring a preferred configuration-gamma power nested at alpha troughs-should improve perception.

Multimodal methods combine structural/functional MRI, high-density EEG with source reconstruction, and individualized complex-waveform HD-tACS tuned to each participant's neuroanatomy and oscillatory frequencies. Three questions drive the work: (i) Do age-related deficits track changes in alpha-gamma PAC magnitude/phase? (ii) Can frequency-coupled HD-tACS enforce the preferred PAC configuration and enhance perception, especially in more impaired older adults? (iii) Is perception bidirectionally controllable by placing gamma at alpha troughs (facilitation) versus peaks (disruption)?

Two specific aims implement matched, five-day, within-subjects, double-blind, sham-controlled experiments with 120 participants each. Aim 1 targets early visual cortex to test whether contrast sensitivity deficits scale with age, spatial frequency, and noise, and whether personalized HD-tACS can optimize PAC to improve contrast perception. Aim 2 targets MT to test whether 3D shape-from-motion (parallax) judgments decline with age as a function of surface-point lifetime and simulated depth, and whether trough- versus peak-aligned stimulation can restructure PAC to enhance motion-based shape perception. Outcomes will establish mechanistic links between PAC and visual aging and evaluate a noninvasive, personalized intervention path relevant to age-related decline and ADRD.

Conditions

Aging; Visual Perception; Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

active stimulation

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

High definition transcranial electrical current stimulation

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Low-intensity and safe, noninvasive application of electrical current to the human scalp with the goal of gradually modulating levels of neuronal excitability.

sham stimulation

Group Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR

High definition transcranial electrical current stimulation

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Low-intensity and safe, noninvasive application of electrical current to the human scalp with the goal of gradually modulating levels of neuronal excitability.

Interventions

High definition transcranial electrical current stimulation

Low-intensity and safe, noninvasive application of electrical current to the human scalp with the goal of gradually modulating levels of neuronal excitability.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 18+ years of age or older
• normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, color vision, and stereo vision

Exclusion Criteria

• not pregnant,
• no metal implants in head,
• no implanted electronic devices,
• no history of neurological problems or head injury,
• no skin sensitivity,
• no claustrophobia,
• no dementia (normal Mini Mental State Examination between 24-30; Montreal Cognitive Assessment > 25)
• no depression (normal Beck Depression Inventory II <13; Geriatric Depression Scale < 10)
• no ophthalmological diseases (e.g., strabismus, glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration)
• no history of psychosis
• no cognitive deficits (MMSE score>24; MoCA>25)
• cannot be taking any psychoactive medication.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Boston University Charles River Campus

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Robert Reinhart

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Central Contacts

Robert Reinhart, PhD

Role: CONTACT

rmgr@bu.edu

(617) 353-9481

Other Identifiers

4230E_2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id