Effects of Otago Exercises and Systematic Desensitization on Balance,Fall Risk and Basophobia Among Post Stroke Patients
NCT ID: NCT07063368
Last Updated: 2025-07-14
Study Results
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Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
51 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-06-26
2025-11-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot over six months. The sample size will consist of 51 participants. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be taken through a non-probability convenience sampling technique, which will further be randomized through flip coin method. 17 Participants will be assigned to group A (otago exercise, systematic desensitization and routine physical therapy, 17 participants to group B( Otago Exercises and Routine Physical therapy ) and 17 participants were included in group C ( Systematic desensitization and Routine physical therapy only ).
Data will be collected using various assessment tools, including the Berg Balance Scale to assess balance , Timed up and go test for dynamic balance, Functional Reach Test for static balance, Fall Risk assessment scale to assess risk of fall, Fall Efficacy Scale International for risk of fall, and Fear of fall avoidance behavior questionnaire for basophobia. Pre-intervention assessments will be conducted for all three groups. The effects of the interventions will be measured at pre-treatment, 4th week, and post-intervention. Data analysis will be performed by using SPSS 26 software.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Otago Exercises and systematic desensitization with routine physical therapy
Group A emphasizes a combination of Otago exercises and systematic desensitization alongside routine physical therapy. The session begins with a 5-minute warm-up, followed by 7 minutes of Otago balance exercises and 8 minutes of Otago strength exercises. This is complemented by 15 minutes of routine physical therapy focusing on strength and mobility, 5 minutes of flexibility and stretching, and 7 minutes dedicated to relaxation training. The session concludes with 10 minutes of gradual exposure and visualization exercises, allowing participants to mentally navigate safe environments and mildly fear-inducing situations, followed by a 3-minute discussion and feedback segment.
Otago exercises and systematic desensitization with routine physical therapy
Warm-up (5 minutes) Marching in place (assisted), arm swings, side steps Otago Balance Exercises (7 minutes) Knee bends (with support), heel-to-toe stand (with support), side hip abduction (with support) Otago Strength Exercises (8 minutes) Ankle dorsiflexion, seated knee extensions, seated marching Routine Physical Therapy - Strength and Mobility Exercises (15 minutes) Assisted squats or sit-to-stand exercises, standing calf raises (with support), seated bicep curls, seated shoulder press Routine Physical Therapy - Flexibility and Stretching (5 minutes) Hamstring, quadriceps, shoulder, and neck stretches Relaxation Training (7 minutes) Review goals, PMR, deep breathing exercises Gradual Exposure and Visualization (10 minutes) Visualization of safe environments, standing up, walking on flat surfaces, and mildly fear-inducing situations (with assistance) Discussion and Feedback (3 minutes) Share experiences, provide feedback, assign homework
Otago Exercises and Routine Physical Therapy
Group B, centers solely on Otago exercises integrated with routine physical therapy. This group starts with a 10-minute warm-up, followed by 10 minutes of Otago balance exercises and another 10 minutes for Otago strength exercises. The session continues with 20 minutes of routine physical therapy focused on strength and mobility, concluding with 10 minutes dedicated to flexibility and stretching exercises.
Otago Exercises and Routine physical Therapy
Warm-up (10 minutes) Marching in place, arm swings, and side steps. Otago Balance Exercises (10 minutes) Knee bends, heel-to-toe stand, side hip abduction. Otago Strength Exercises (10 minutes) Ankle dorsiflexion, seated knee extensions, seated marching. Routine Physical Therapy - Strength and Mobility Exercises (20 minutes) Assisted squats or sit-to-stand exercises, standing calf raises with support, seated bicep curls, seated shoulder press.
Routine Physical Therapy - Flexibility and Stretching (10 minutes) Hamstring stretch, quadriceps stretch, shoulder and neck stretches, seated torso twist.
Systematic desensitization and Routine physical therapy
Group C combines systematic desensitization with routine physical therapy. The session begins with a 5-minute warm-up, followed by 20 minutes of strength and mobility exercises, and 5 minutes of flexibility and stretching. Participants then engage in 10 minutes of relaxation training, which includes reviewing goals and practicing deep breathing exercises. The session further incorporates 15 minutes of gradual exposure and visualization, allowing participants to confront their fears in a controlled manner, and wraps up with a 5-minute discussion and feedback period.
Systematic desensitization and routine physical therapy
Warm-up (5 minutes) Marching in place, arm swings, and side steps. Routine Physical Therapy - Strength and Mobility Exercises (20 minutes) Assisted squats or sit-to-stand exercises, standing calf raises with support, seated bicep curls, seated shoulder press.
Routine Physical Therapy - Flexibility and Stretching (5 minutes) Hamstring stretch, quadriceps stretch, shoulder and neck stretches. Relaxation Training (10 minutes) Review goals and expectations, PMR, deep breathing exercises. Gradual Exposure and Visualization (15 minutes) Visualization of safe environments, standing up, walking on flat surfaces, and mildly fear-inducing situations (with assistance).
Discussion and Feedback (5 minutes) Share experiences, provide feedback, and assign homework.
Interventions
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Otago exercises and systematic desensitization with routine physical therapy
Warm-up (5 minutes) Marching in place (assisted), arm swings, side steps Otago Balance Exercises (7 minutes) Knee bends (with support), heel-to-toe stand (with support), side hip abduction (with support) Otago Strength Exercises (8 minutes) Ankle dorsiflexion, seated knee extensions, seated marching Routine Physical Therapy - Strength and Mobility Exercises (15 minutes) Assisted squats or sit-to-stand exercises, standing calf raises (with support), seated bicep curls, seated shoulder press Routine Physical Therapy - Flexibility and Stretching (5 minutes) Hamstring, quadriceps, shoulder, and neck stretches Relaxation Training (7 minutes) Review goals, PMR, deep breathing exercises Gradual Exposure and Visualization (10 minutes) Visualization of safe environments, standing up, walking on flat surfaces, and mildly fear-inducing situations (with assistance) Discussion and Feedback (3 minutes) Share experiences, provide feedback, assign homework
Otago Exercises and Routine physical Therapy
Warm-up (10 minutes) Marching in place, arm swings, and side steps. Otago Balance Exercises (10 minutes) Knee bends, heel-to-toe stand, side hip abduction. Otago Strength Exercises (10 minutes) Ankle dorsiflexion, seated knee extensions, seated marching. Routine Physical Therapy - Strength and Mobility Exercises (20 minutes) Assisted squats or sit-to-stand exercises, standing calf raises with support, seated bicep curls, seated shoulder press.
Routine Physical Therapy - Flexibility and Stretching (10 minutes) Hamstring stretch, quadriceps stretch, shoulder and neck stretches, seated torso twist.
Systematic desensitization and routine physical therapy
Warm-up (5 minutes) Marching in place, arm swings, and side steps. Routine Physical Therapy - Strength and Mobility Exercises (20 minutes) Assisted squats or sit-to-stand exercises, standing calf raises with support, seated bicep curls, seated shoulder press.
Routine Physical Therapy - Flexibility and Stretching (5 minutes) Hamstring stretch, quadriceps stretch, shoulder and neck stretches. Relaxation Training (10 minutes) Review goals and expectations, PMR, deep breathing exercises. Gradual Exposure and Visualization (15 minutes) Visualization of safe environments, standing up, walking on flat surfaces, and mildly fear-inducing situations (with assistance).
Discussion and Feedback (5 minutes) Share experiences, provide feedback, and assign homework.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* 40 to 70 Years of age
* sub-acute ischemic stroke
* Ability to walk with or without a caregiver
* No cognitive dysfunction that would hinder understanding of the instructions
* MoCA score between 18-24
Exclusion Criteria
* Participants who have other medical conditions such as severe arthritis or joint injuries.
* Participants who have a history of significant neurological or psychiatric disorders
* Participants who have severe visual or hearing impairments
* Participants who are currently participating in another clinical trial or research study
40 Years
70 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Riphah International University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Hira Jabeen, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Riphah International University
Locations
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Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospiatl
Sialkot, Punjab Province, Pakistan
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sha L, Dong J, He Y. Virtual reality exergames for improving physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2024 May-Jun;57:31-44. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.032. Epub 2024 Mar 18.
Wang J, Li Y, Yang GY, Jin K. Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Aging Dis. 2024 Jan 24;16(2):714-737. doi: 10.14336/AD.2024.0124-1.
Zhong YJ, Meng Q, Su CH. Mechanism-Driven Strategies for Reducing Fall Risk in the Elderly: A Multidisciplinary Review of Exercise Interventions. Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;12(23):2394. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232394.
Yi M, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang Z. The effectiveness of Otago exercise program in older adults with frailty or pre-frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Nov;114:105083. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105083. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Chiu HL, Yeh TT, Lo YT, Liang PJ, Lee SC. The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 6;16(8):e0255780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255780. eCollection 2021.
Yang Y, Wang K, Liu H, Qu J, Wang Y, Chen P, Zhang T, Luo J. The impact of Otago exercise programme on the prevention of falls in older adult: A systematic review. Front Public Health. 2022 Oct 20;10:953593. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953593. eCollection 2022.
Other Identifiers
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REC/RCR & AHS/24/0254
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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