Enhancing Autonomic Regulation and Attention Through Biofeedback in Female Athletes

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

12 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-08-01

Study Completion Date

2023-09-30

Brief Summary

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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a multimodal biofeedback intervention on autonomic function and sustained attention in female volleyball players.

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Detailed Description

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Optimal performance in elite athletes is shaped by a combination of physical preparedness and psychological readiness, where managing stress and anxiety is as critical as enhancing physical capabilities. Competitive anxiety can disrupt cognitive functioning, attention, and decision-making, affecting athletes' composure and overall performance. Cognitive abilities such as attentional control, mental flexibility, and perceptual-motor coordination are vital during high-pressure moments in sports, especially team sports like volleyball. Emerging approaches in applied sports psychology have started using biofeedback (BFB) to address these psychological and cognitive demands. BFB enables athletes to consciously regulate physiological responses associated with stress, such as heart rate variability (HRV), galvanic skin response (GSR), peripheral temperature (PT), and muscle activity, by providing real-time feedback. These interventions aim to enhance autonomic control, emotional regulation, and ultimately, cognitive performance.

Multimodal BFB interventions that simultaneously target several physiological parameters are gaining attention for their potential to support mental readiness and attentional performance in athletes. However, the application of such protocols in team sports remains underexplored. Given the high cognitive demands of volleyball, especially in sustained attention and rapid decision-making under pressure, there is a need to examine whether multimodal BFB can produce meaningful improvements in these areas. This study investigated the effects of a five-week, 15-session multimodal BFB intervention on sustained attention and physiological responses in competitive female volleyball players. It was hypothesized that the intervention would lead to measurable physiological changes-specifically a reduction in GSR and an increase in PT-which in turn would support improved cognitive performance in the form of enhanced sustained attention.

Conditions

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Psychological Aspects Skin Temperature Change Biofeedback Training Volleyball Players Autonomic Regulation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

a parallel-group interventional design (biofeedback and control)

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

This study did not implement blinding or masking procedures for participants, investigators, or outcome assessors. Participants in both groups continued their regular volleyball training schedules; however, only the intervention group received the additional biofeedback training. The control group did not receive any specific treatment during the intervention period.

Study Groups

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Biofeedback group

The BFB group completed 15 sessions of multimodal BFB training over five weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Biofeedback training

Intervention Type DEVICE

The intervention consists of biofeedback training using the Nexus 10 device, which provides real-time feedback on physiological signals including galvanic skin response and peripheral temperature. Participants undergo sessions where they learn to consciously regulate their autonomic nervous system activity by observing and modifying these signals. This training aims to improve stress regulation and enhance physiological self-control. Unlike other biofeedback interventions, this protocol focuses on combined skin conductance and temperature measures delivered through the Nexus 10 system over multiple sessions.

control group

Intervention Type OTHER

The control group received no intervention.

Control group

The control group received no intervention.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Biofeedback training

The intervention consists of biofeedback training using the Nexus 10 device, which provides real-time feedback on physiological signals including galvanic skin response and peripheral temperature. Participants undergo sessions where they learn to consciously regulate their autonomic nervous system activity by observing and modifying these signals. This training aims to improve stress regulation and enhance physiological self-control. Unlike other biofeedback interventions, this protocol focuses on combined skin conductance and temperature measures delivered through the Nexus 10 system over multiple sessions.

Intervention Type DEVICE

control group

The control group received no intervention.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Multimodal biofeedback non intervention group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Good general health
* Nonsmoking status
* A history of regular menstrual cycles
* No mental, neurological, or cardiovascular disorders
* Active participation in national volleyball tournaments

Exclusion Criteria

* Use of illegal substances, oral contraceptives, antidepressants
* Consuming alcohol or drugs
* Current psychotherapy
* A history of BFB intervention

Minimum Eligible Age

17 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

20 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes