The Impact of Twin Hearts Meditation on Mood, Cognitive Functioning, and EEG Dynamics
NCT ID: NCT07005830
Last Updated: 2025-06-05
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
28 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2024-07-21
Study Completion Date
2024-11-07
Brief Summary
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The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the impact of a specific guided meditation (Twin Hearts Meditation; THM) on cognitive functioning and EEG dynamics in experienced and inexperienced meditators.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Will the experienced meditators outperform inexperienced meditators on the attention control tasks (Flanker, Trails A \& B) at baseline (pre-meditation)?
* Will both groups show improvements in performance after meditation associated with mood and physiological state changes?
* Will the experienced meditators show an overall mood profile of higher positive mood states and less negative mood states (Brunel Mood Scale subscale difference) at baseline (pre-meditation)?
* Will both groups show mood state improvements after meditation?
* Will the experienced meditators show differences in electrophysiological characteristics compared to inexperienced meditators?
* Will inexperienced meditators exhibit shifts from their baseline resting-state EEG towards being more similar to the EEG characteristics of experienced meditators at baseline?
* Will experienced meditators demonstrate differences in P300 latencies and amplitudes on the auditory oddball paradigm.
Participants will:
* Take a series of pre-meditation surveys.
* Complete pre-meditation P300 auditory oddball task.
* Complete pre-meditation cognitive behavioral task set.
* Continuous 19-channel EEG recording before and after pre-recorded guided THM.
* Take a series of post-meditation surveys.
* Complete post-session P300 auditory oddball task.
* Complete post-session cognitive behavioral task set.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Will the experienced meditators outperform inexperienced meditators on the attention control tasks (Flanker, Trails A \& B) at baseline (pre-meditation)?
* Will both groups show improvements in performance after meditation associated with mood and physiological state changes?
* Will the experienced meditators show an overall mood profile of higher positive mood states and less negative mood states (Brunel Mood Scale subscale difference) at baseline (pre-meditation)?
* Will both groups show mood state improvements after meditation?
* Will the experienced meditators show differences in electrophysiological characteristics compared to inexperienced meditators?
* Will inexperienced meditators exhibit shifts from their baseline resting-state EEG towards being more similar to the EEG characteristics of experienced meditators at baseline?
* Will experienced meditators demonstrate differences in P300 latencies and amplitudes on the auditory oddball paradigm.
Participants will:
* Take a series of pre-meditation surveys.
* Complete pre-meditation P300 auditory oddball task.
* Complete pre-meditation cognitive behavioral task set.
* Continuous 19-channel EEG recording before and after pre-recorded guided THM.
* Take a series of post-meditation surveys.
* Complete post-session P300 auditory oddball task.
* Complete post-session cognitive behavioral task set.
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Detailed Description
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Eighteen experienced Arhatic Yoga practitioners and 18 novice meditators were recruited for this study. Experienced meditators were recruited from a weeklong Arhatic Yoga Spiritual Retreat (July 20-28, 2024) in Bovina, NY. Inclusion to the experienced meditator sample included a minimum of 1,000 hours practice of THM as well as a current meditation practice. Inexperienced meditators were recruited in Eugene, OR, via social media and community flyers. Inclusion criteria for this sample included less than 10 hours of lifetime meditation practice. Compensation for the inexperienced group was a $30 check or paypal credit.
Screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria was completed via digital forms. Those deemed eligible completed the informed consent process, and provided more demographic information for sample characteristics.
Experimental Design
The experiment was an unblinded, control group comparison (2 x 2 factorial design) of experienced versus novice meditators groups with multimodal measurements (subjective mood questionnaire, cognitive tasks, neural/ EEG) taken before and after completion of a Twin Hearts Meditation practice. Both experienced and meditation naïve subjects underwent a structured research protocol consisting of screening, a pre-meditation assessment, a guided Twin Hearts Meditation session, and a post-meditation assessment. Sessions lasted about 90 min. The procedure was as follows:
Screening and Participant Selection. Participants completed an online screening and demographic questionnaire. Those meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate in the research study. Eligible subjects who indicated interest were scheduled for a laboratory-based session. Informed consent procedures were provided upon arrival to the lab space ahead of conducting the remaining protocol procedures.
Pre-Meditation Assessment. After obtaining informed consent, subjects completed a series of neural, mental and cognitive baseline measures. Psychological questionnaires included the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory abbreviated scale (MPFI - Abbreviated Flexibility), and the Tellegen Absorption Scale (to assess baseline mental traits). These two measures were only given once for assessing baseline trait differences between experimental meditator samples. However, the following measures were given before and after meditation:
Participants next completed the Brunel Mood Scale. Then subjects were prepared for EEG to measure neural activity in a 3-minute resting state recording, as well as during their completion of a P300 auditory oddball task. They then completed the cognitive-behavioural task set, that included the Flanker task (to evaluate response inhibition and attention control) and Trail Making Tests A (to assess processing speed, simple attention) \& B (complex attention/executive function).
Twin Hearts Meditation Session. Participants then listened to a pre-recorded 21-minute guided Twin Hearts Meditation session via headphones with eyes closed. Participants were instructed to simply follow along with the instructions provided in the meditation.
Post-Meditation Assessment. Following the meditation, subjects completed the post-meditation EEG baseline recording. Additional mental given: i ) Depth of Meditation Scale (to assess subjective meditation experience), ii) Brunel Mood Scale (to measure post-meditation mood state). This was followed by re-administration of the Cognitive-Behavioural measurement tasks (P300 auditory oddball, Flanker, Trail Making Test A \& B)
Description of Psychological Questionnaire-based Measurements
Demographic questionnaire. This survey asks basic questions regarding age, sex, history of mental health diagnoses, and meditation history. Data was used from this survey to characterize overall and Experienced versus Inexperienced meditator sample characteristics.
Tellegren Absorption Scale (TAS). The Tellegen Absorption Scale is a 34-item multi-dimensional measure that assesses imaginative involvement and the tendency to become mentally absorbed in everyday tasks. Each item on the scale requires a 'true' or 'false' response. Scores for the TAS and its subscales reflect the number of questions marked 'true,' with higher scores indicating higher absorption. Tellegen reported an internal reliability of .88 and a 30-day test-retest reliability of .91. Kihlstrom reported a test-retest reliability of .85.
The TAS is divided into five subscales: altered states of consciousness (TAS-ACS; "I sometimes 'step outside' my usual self and experience an entirely different state of being"), aesthetic involvement in nature (TAS-AIN; "I like to watch cloud shapes change in the sky"), imaginative involvement (TAS-II; "I am able to wander off into my thoughts while doing a routine task and actually forget that I am doing the task, and then find a few minutes later that I have completed it"), Synesthesia (TAS-SYN; "I find that different odors have different colors"), and extrasensory perception or ESP (TAS-ESP; "I can often somehow sense the presence of another person before I actually see her/him"). A high score on a specific subscale indicates a greater tendency to experience that particular type of absorption, with the TAS Total score reflecting an overall trait of responsive absorption to stimuli, tasks, and surroundings.
Psychological Flexibility Scale (PFS). The Psychological Flexibility Scale (PFS) is a shorter global composite of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. The 12-item PFS is comprised of the first two items of each of the MPFI subscales that subjects respond to using on a six-point Likert scale to rate the accuracy of statement related to acceptance, present moment awareness, self as context, defusion, values, and committed action. Higher scores indicate higher mental flexibility comprised by the item pairs in each domain.
Depth of Meditation Experience. The Meditation Depth Questionnaire is a 30-item self-report measure designed to assess the depth of meditative experience across five progressive stages. These stages include: (1) Hindrances, which captures difficulties such as boredom, impatience, and trouble with concentration (reverse-coded for consistency); (2) Relaxation, reflecting feelings of inner peace and calmness; (3) Concentration, describing detachment from thoughts, deep insight, and mental clarity; (4) Essential Qualities, encompassing emotions like love, gratitude, and connectedness; and (5) Non-Duality, representing the dissolution of cognitive processes and a sense of unity. The questionnaire is given post-meditation to evaluate subjective depth of experience, with higher scores indicating greater meditative depth across individual subscales and overall. The Hindrance scale was reverse coded, to be in line with other scales and total score, so that higher values indicate more favorable experiences overall and according to subscales.
Brunel Mood Scale. The Brunel Mood Scale is a 32-item self-report measure designed to assess current mood states. It consists of eight unipolar mood dimensions: anger, tension, depression, vigor, fatigue, confusion, happiness, and calmness. Participants respond to the prompt, "How do you feel right now?" by rating each mood descriptor on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2 = moderately, 3 = quite a bit, 4 = extremely), indicating the intensity of their momentary emotional experience. As well as producing subscale scores, an overall mood score, referred to as a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score, can be calculated by summing the scores for Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue and Confusion and then subtracting the Vigor score. Higher TMD scores indicate greater overall mood disturbance, reflecting higher levels of negative emotions inversely correlated with lower positive affect. Conversely, lower scores suggest better mood balance and emotional well-being.
Description of Cognitive-Behavioral Measures
Trails A \& B. Trails A \& B is a cognitive assessment measurement consisting of two tasks, Trail A and Trail B. Trail A measures visual processing speed and simple attention, requiring subjects to connect numbers in sequential order across a display sheet. For Trail B subjects must complete a task similar to Trail A, but instead alternate between numbers and letters intermixed across the display, in ascending order. Trail B is considered a measure of complex attention and working memory, and of executive function including inhibition and divided attention. Trails A \& B were given digitally using the WAVi Software Platform under the supervision of a researcher. Instructions were provided via computer and researcher. Performance metrics included the number o
Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS. Prior to hypothesis testing, data were screened for missing values, outliers, normality, and homogeneity of variance assumptions. Variables were evaluated for normality evaluating for skewness and kurtosis values between +2/-2 and +7/-7 respectively. Levene's tests of homogeneity were also conducted, p \< 0.05. A combination of ANOVA, t-testing, and correlational analyses were used for hypothesis testing. All statistical tests were two-tailed, with an alpha level set at .05. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (±1.96 SEM) are reported where appropriate.
The primary approach for hypothesis testing involved running 2 (Experimental Group: Experienced, Inexperienced) X 2 (Time: Pre-meditation, Post-meditation) repeated-measures ANOVAs (rm-ANOVA) for the Brunel Mood Scale, Flanker performance measures, Trails A\&B performance measures, P300 and Resting state EEG measures of interest. The stepwise Holm-Bonferroni correction (Holm, 1979) was applied to control for family-wise error of questionnaire, cognitive/attentional task, and EEG variable sets initially investigated by ANOVA sets, and applied for follow-up on pairwise comparisons where significant interaction effects were found.
One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to investigate demographic, baseline and single time point comparisons between groups (e.g., TAS, depth of meditation experience). Chi-Square testing was conducted for applicable frequency-based values of the demographic variables.
In addition, Pearson's correlation analyses were conducted in planned and ad hoc approaches. Planned correlations included \[ \]. Unplanned/exploratory correlations included assessing the relationship of variables discovered to be statistically significant in ANOVA results, with other variables that might help further describe or inform interpretation of a result. Correlation coefficients were interpreted following Cohen's guidelines, where values of 0.10, 0.30, and 0.50 were considered small, medium, and large, respectively. To control for multiple comparisons, a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied (I have not yet applied this and may not - need specified correlation sets before deciding)
Data Cleaning and Outlier Handling Outlier detection was performed using a combination of visual inspection (boxplots, Q-Q plots), and statistical thresholds (interquartile method). Extreme outliers were removed as single data points, or winzored with imputation. The decision for complete omission versus imputation was dependent on the type and amount of missing or omitted data. Imputation was selectively and sparingly used for resting state EEG, whereby unrealistic outlier values (suspected of being artefact, missed on built-in software filtering and cleaning) were removed, then re-estimated with regression imputation based on group-time point averages and proximal electrode site values.
Screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria was completed via digital forms. Those deemed eligible completed the informed consent process, and provided more demographic information for sample characteristics.
Experimental Design
The experiment was an unblinded, control group comparison (2 x 2 factorial design) of experienced versus novice meditators groups with multimodal measurements (subjective mood questionnaire, cognitive tasks, neural/ EEG) taken before and after completion of a Twin Hearts Meditation practice. Both experienced and meditation naïve subjects underwent a structured research protocol consisting of screening, a pre-meditation assessment, a guided Twin Hearts Meditation session, and a post-meditation assessment. Sessions lasted about 90 min. The procedure was as follows:
Screening and Participant Selection. Participants completed an online screening and demographic questionnaire. Those meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate in the research study. Eligible subjects who indicated interest were scheduled for a laboratory-based session. Informed consent procedures were provided upon arrival to the lab space ahead of conducting the remaining protocol procedures.
Pre-Meditation Assessment. After obtaining informed consent, subjects completed a series of neural, mental and cognitive baseline measures. Psychological questionnaires included the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory abbreviated scale (MPFI - Abbreviated Flexibility), and the Tellegen Absorption Scale (to assess baseline mental traits). These two measures were only given once for assessing baseline trait differences between experimental meditator samples. However, the following measures were given before and after meditation:
Participants next completed the Brunel Mood Scale. Then subjects were prepared for EEG to measure neural activity in a 3-minute resting state recording, as well as during their completion of a P300 auditory oddball task. They then completed the cognitive-behavioural task set, that included the Flanker task (to evaluate response inhibition and attention control) and Trail Making Tests A (to assess processing speed, simple attention) \& B (complex attention/executive function).
Twin Hearts Meditation Session. Participants then listened to a pre-recorded 21-minute guided Twin Hearts Meditation session via headphones with eyes closed. Participants were instructed to simply follow along with the instructions provided in the meditation.
Post-Meditation Assessment. Following the meditation, subjects completed the post-meditation EEG baseline recording. Additional mental given: i ) Depth of Meditation Scale (to assess subjective meditation experience), ii) Brunel Mood Scale (to measure post-meditation mood state). This was followed by re-administration of the Cognitive-Behavioural measurement tasks (P300 auditory oddball, Flanker, Trail Making Test A \& B)
Description of Psychological Questionnaire-based Measurements
Demographic questionnaire. This survey asks basic questions regarding age, sex, history of mental health diagnoses, and meditation history. Data was used from this survey to characterize overall and Experienced versus Inexperienced meditator sample characteristics.
Tellegren Absorption Scale (TAS). The Tellegen Absorption Scale is a 34-item multi-dimensional measure that assesses imaginative involvement and the tendency to become mentally absorbed in everyday tasks. Each item on the scale requires a 'true' or 'false' response. Scores for the TAS and its subscales reflect the number of questions marked 'true,' with higher scores indicating higher absorption. Tellegen reported an internal reliability of .88 and a 30-day test-retest reliability of .91. Kihlstrom reported a test-retest reliability of .85.
The TAS is divided into five subscales: altered states of consciousness (TAS-ACS; "I sometimes 'step outside' my usual self and experience an entirely different state of being"), aesthetic involvement in nature (TAS-AIN; "I like to watch cloud shapes change in the sky"), imaginative involvement (TAS-II; "I am able to wander off into my thoughts while doing a routine task and actually forget that I am doing the task, and then find a few minutes later that I have completed it"), Synesthesia (TAS-SYN; "I find that different odors have different colors"), and extrasensory perception or ESP (TAS-ESP; "I can often somehow sense the presence of another person before I actually see her/him"). A high score on a specific subscale indicates a greater tendency to experience that particular type of absorption, with the TAS Total score reflecting an overall trait of responsive absorption to stimuli, tasks, and surroundings.
Psychological Flexibility Scale (PFS). The Psychological Flexibility Scale (PFS) is a shorter global composite of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. The 12-item PFS is comprised of the first two items of each of the MPFI subscales that subjects respond to using on a six-point Likert scale to rate the accuracy of statement related to acceptance, present moment awareness, self as context, defusion, values, and committed action. Higher scores indicate higher mental flexibility comprised by the item pairs in each domain.
Depth of Meditation Experience. The Meditation Depth Questionnaire is a 30-item self-report measure designed to assess the depth of meditative experience across five progressive stages. These stages include: (1) Hindrances, which captures difficulties such as boredom, impatience, and trouble with concentration (reverse-coded for consistency); (2) Relaxation, reflecting feelings of inner peace and calmness; (3) Concentration, describing detachment from thoughts, deep insight, and mental clarity; (4) Essential Qualities, encompassing emotions like love, gratitude, and connectedness; and (5) Non-Duality, representing the dissolution of cognitive processes and a sense of unity. The questionnaire is given post-meditation to evaluate subjective depth of experience, with higher scores indicating greater meditative depth across individual subscales and overall. The Hindrance scale was reverse coded, to be in line with other scales and total score, so that higher values indicate more favorable experiences overall and according to subscales.
Brunel Mood Scale. The Brunel Mood Scale is a 32-item self-report measure designed to assess current mood states. It consists of eight unipolar mood dimensions: anger, tension, depression, vigor, fatigue, confusion, happiness, and calmness. Participants respond to the prompt, "How do you feel right now?" by rating each mood descriptor on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2 = moderately, 3 = quite a bit, 4 = extremely), indicating the intensity of their momentary emotional experience. As well as producing subscale scores, an overall mood score, referred to as a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score, can be calculated by summing the scores for Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue and Confusion and then subtracting the Vigor score. Higher TMD scores indicate greater overall mood disturbance, reflecting higher levels of negative emotions inversely correlated with lower positive affect. Conversely, lower scores suggest better mood balance and emotional well-being.
Description of Cognitive-Behavioral Measures
Trails A \& B. Trails A \& B is a cognitive assessment measurement consisting of two tasks, Trail A and Trail B. Trail A measures visual processing speed and simple attention, requiring subjects to connect numbers in sequential order across a display sheet. For Trail B subjects must complete a task similar to Trail A, but instead alternate between numbers and letters intermixed across the display, in ascending order. Trail B is considered a measure of complex attention and working memory, and of executive function including inhibition and divided attention. Trails A \& B were given digitally using the WAVi Software Platform under the supervision of a researcher. Instructions were provided via computer and researcher. Performance metrics included the number o
Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS. Prior to hypothesis testing, data were screened for missing values, outliers, normality, and homogeneity of variance assumptions. Variables were evaluated for normality evaluating for skewness and kurtosis values between +2/-2 and +7/-7 respectively. Levene's tests of homogeneity were also conducted, p \< 0.05. A combination of ANOVA, t-testing, and correlational analyses were used for hypothesis testing. All statistical tests were two-tailed, with an alpha level set at .05. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (±1.96 SEM) are reported where appropriate.
The primary approach for hypothesis testing involved running 2 (Experimental Group: Experienced, Inexperienced) X 2 (Time: Pre-meditation, Post-meditation) repeated-measures ANOVAs (rm-ANOVA) for the Brunel Mood Scale, Flanker performance measures, Trails A\&B performance measures, P300 and Resting state EEG measures of interest. The stepwise Holm-Bonferroni correction (Holm, 1979) was applied to control for family-wise error of questionnaire, cognitive/attentional task, and EEG variable sets initially investigated by ANOVA sets, and applied for follow-up on pairwise comparisons where significant interaction effects were found.
One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to investigate demographic, baseline and single time point comparisons between groups (e.g., TAS, depth of meditation experience). Chi-Square testing was conducted for applicable frequency-based values of the demographic variables.
In addition, Pearson's correlation analyses were conducted in planned and ad hoc approaches. Planned correlations included \[ \]. Unplanned/exploratory correlations included assessing the relationship of variables discovered to be statistically significant in ANOVA results, with other variables that might help further describe or inform interpretation of a result. Correlation coefficients were interpreted following Cohen's guidelines, where values of 0.10, 0.30, and 0.50 were considered small, medium, and large, respectively. To control for multiple comparisons, a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied (I have not yet applied this and may not - need specified correlation sets before deciding)
Data Cleaning and Outlier Handling Outlier detection was performed using a combination of visual inspection (boxplots, Q-Q plots), and statistical thresholds (interquartile method). Extreme outliers were removed as single data points, or winzored with imputation. The decision for complete omission versus imputation was dependent on the type and amount of missing or omitted data. Imputation was selectively and sparingly used for resting state EEG, whereby unrealistic outlier values (suspected of being artefact, missed on built-in software filtering and cleaning) were removed, then re-estimated with regression imputation based on group-time point averages and proximal electrode site values.
Conditions
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Positive Mood States
Negative Mood States
Cognitive Processing Speed
Cognitive Flexibility
Study Design
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Allocation Method
NA
Intervention Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Unblinded control group comparison (2x2 factorial design) with multi-modal measurements.
Primary Study Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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Impact of Meditation on Mood, Cognitive Function, & EEG Dynamics by Meditation Experience Level
Twin Hearts Meditation (THM) is a 21-minute guided meditation practice developed by Master Choa Kok Sui as part of Pranic Healing \& Arhatic Yoga (Sui, 2005). It is designed to promote spiritual development, emotional balance, and cognitive well-being by activating and harmonizing the heart chakra (emotional love) and the crown chakra (divine love and higher consciousness). The meditation is based on the principle that blessing the Earth with loving-kindness leads to inner transformation and heightened awareness. The meditation itself is divided into several sections that include (in order of appearance), an invocation for divine blessings, an abbreviated prayer of St. Francis of Assisi, activation of the heart and crown chakras, blessing the Earth with lovingkindness, chanting the mantra "OM," silent meditation, and a closing.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Twin Hearts Meditation
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Twin Hearts Meditation (THM) is a 21-minute guided meditation practice developed by Master Choa Kok Sui as part of Pranic Healing \& Arhatic Yoga (Sui, 2005).
Interventions
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Twin Hearts Meditation
Twin Hearts Meditation (THM) is a 21-minute guided meditation practice developed by Master Choa Kok Sui as part of Pranic Healing \& Arhatic Yoga (Sui, 2005).
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* at least 18 years of age
* English speaking
* capable of providing consent.
* English speaking
* capable of providing consent.
Exclusion Criteria
\- history of traumatic brain injury or serious mental health concerns (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
75 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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NeuroMeditation Institute
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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Jeremy Viczko, PhD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Locations
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NeuroMeditation Institute
Eugene, Oregon, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Holm, S. (1979). A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure. Scand. J. Stat. 6 (2), 65-70.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fox KC, Nijeboer S, Dixon ML, Floman JL, Ellamil M, Rumak SP, Sedlmeier P, Christoff K. Is meditation associated with altered brain structure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphometric neuroimaging in meditation practitioners. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Jun;43:48-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Zeidan F, Johnson SK, Diamond BJ, David Z, Goolkasian P. Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training. Conscious Cogn. 2010 Jun;19(2):597-605. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.014. Epub 2010 Apr 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Travis F, Haaga DA, Hagelin J, Tanner M, Arenander A, Nidich S, Gaylord-King C, Grosswald S, Rainforth M, Schneider RH. A self-referential default brain state: patterns of coherence, power, and eLORETA sources during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation practice. Cogn Process. 2010 Feb;11(1):21-30. doi: 10.1007/s10339-009-0343-2. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tellegen A, Atkinson G. Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences ("absorption"), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. J Abnorm Psychol. 1974 Jun;83(3):268-77. doi: 10.1037/h0036681. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tarrant JM, Raines N, Blinne WR. The Effects of Meditation on Twin Hearts on P300 Values: A Repeated Measures Comparison of Nonmeditators and the Experienced. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2019 Apr;18(2):36-41.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lan MF, Lane AM, Roy J, Hanin NA. Validity of the Brunel Mood Scale for use With Malaysian Athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2012 Mar 1;11(1):131-5. eCollection 2012.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Singhal, T., Manjhi, D., & Kumar, S. (2015). Neuroplastic changes following Twin Hearts Meditation: A functional MRI study. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3), 281-286.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Front Public Health. 2017 Sep 28;5:258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258. eCollection 2017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rolffs JL, Rogge RD, Wilson KG. Disentangling Components of Flexibility via the Hexaflex Model: Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Assessment. 2018 Jun;25(4):458-482. doi: 10.1177/1073191116645905. Epub 2016 May 5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mrazek MD, Franklin MS, Phillips DT, Baird B, Schooler JW. Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychol Sci. 2013 May;24(5):776-81. doi: 10.1177/0956797612459659. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Leiberg S, Klimecki O, Singer T. Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 9;6(3):e17798. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017798.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lehrer P, Kaur K, Sharma A, Shah K, Huseby R, Bhavsar J, Sgobba P, Zhang Y. Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Improves Emotional and Physical Health and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2020 Sep;45(3):109-129. doi: 10.1007/s10484-020-09466-z.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hutcherson CA, Seppala EM, Gross JJ. Loving-kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion. 2008 Oct;8(5):720-4. doi: 10.1037/a0013237.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Farb NA, Segal ZV, Mayberg H, Bean J, McKeon D, Fatima Z, Anderson AK. Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007 Dec;2(4):313-22. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsm030.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(3), 303-322.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Alexander CN, Langer EJ, Newman RI, Chandler HM, Davies JL. Transcendental meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an experimental study with the elderly. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Dec;57(6):950-64. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.950.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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2024-0250
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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Mindfulness Meditation in Chronic Stress
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COMPLETED
NA
Assessment of Sleep Quality and Mental Health After Using Meditation
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UNKNOWN
NA
Online Trial of Meditation and Behavior
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COMPLETED
NA
Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction and Cognitive Function in Stress and Aging
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COMPLETED
PHASE1/PHASE2
Mechanisms of Mindfulness Meditation and Self-Hypnosis for Pain in Older Adults With Chronic Pain
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
Acupoint Massage and Aromatherapy Intervention in Elderly People With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Nursing Institutions
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UNKNOWN
NA
Impact of Meditation on Bothersome Tinnitus
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COMPLETED
NA
Investigating the Efficacy of Sleepgift Blanket on Sleep Quality and Heart Health
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COMPLETED
EARLY_PHASE1
Mindfulness Meditation in Older Adults
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COMPLETED
EARLY_PHASE1
Cardioprotective and Mental Health Benefits of the MIND Diet Combined With Forest Bathing
NCT06222632
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
NA
Studying the Effects of Digital Interventions on Cognition, Wellbeing, Stress, and Sleep in Older Adults
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RECRUITING
NA
Effect of Mindfulness on EEG Brain Activity for Cognitive and Psychological Well-being in the Elderly
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COMPLETED
NA
Internet-delivered Psychological Interventions for Tinnitus
NCT05705323
COMPLETED
NA
Mindfulness, Emotional Well-being, and Sleep Quality
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COMPLETED
NA
A Comparison of Hypnosis and Mindfulness on Reducing Pain in Chronic Pain Patients
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
Immediate Effects of a 10-minute Body Scan Meditation on People Who Has Central Sensitization
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UNKNOWN
NA
Intensive Meditation and Migraines: Effects on Health and Well Being
NCT00663585
COMPLETED
NA
Meditation and Hypnosis for Chronic Depressed Mood
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
Brain and Meditation (BAM) Study
NCT05215314
COMPLETED
NA
Healthy Minds Program App Dosage
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COMPLETED
PHASE1