The Economics of Domestic Violence: Evidence From Bangladesh

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

440 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-09-19

Study Completion Date

2025-12-31

Brief Summary

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This project aims to test the scalability and cost-effectiveness of edutainment-soap operas designed to challenge harmful social norms and promote resilience-as a strategy to improve mental health and reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural Bangladesh. Investigators will run a clustered randomized control trial in which villages will be randomized to one of three versions of the same soap opera: (i) Norms: Challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation, (ii) Norms + Skills: builds on the norms campaign by adding CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution, (iii) Placebo: No violence content. Investigators will evaluate the impact on attitudes towards IPV and IPV incidence.

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Detailed Description

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Study design features two layers of commuity-level randomization based on a 3x2 factorial design:

First Treatment Variation: Edutainment Content. Communities are randomized into one of three versions of the same soap opera:

1. Norms Campaign (176 communities): Challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.
2. Norms + Skills Campaign (176 communities): Builds on the norms campaign by adding CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution.
3. Placebo Campaign (88 communities): Features unrelated content to serve as a control group, isolating the effects of norms and resiliency messaging.

This variation allows for assessing the impact of addressing harmful norms alone from the additional benefits of equipping men with practical coping skills. By comparing the Norms Campaign to the Norms + Skills Campaign, investigators test whether adding stress-coping skills yields additional reductions in IPV and related outcomes.

Second Treatment Variation: Delivery Modes. Fifty percent of communities in each treatment arm are randomized into one of two delivery modes:

1. Private Delivery: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.
2. Public Delivery: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Randomizing delivery modes enables investigators to assess whether men's responses to the intervention are driven by self-esteem concerns (private delivery) or reputation concerns (public delivery). This distinction provides critical insights into the mechanisms underlying IPV and informs the scalability of different delivery methods.

In addition to the community-level randomizations, 50 percent of men in each community are randomized into participation in a cash-for-work program. This individual-level randomization allows us to evaluate the role of economic strain in IPV outcomes, testing whether alleviating financial stress enhances the intervention's effectiveness.

Conditions

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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Intimate Partner Violence Prevention

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Treatment assignment was stratified at the union level, the smallest administrative rural unit. From the two districts combined, a total of 88 unions were selected using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Each union contained 5 clusters (villages), yielding a total of 440 clusters. In each village, investigators randomly sampled 20 married couples aged 18-65, yielding a total of 8,800 married couples.

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Norms with Private Delivery

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation Private Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Norms + Skills with Private Delivery

Soap opera that builds on the norms campaign by adding CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution Private Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based skills

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution.

Placebo with Private Delivery

Soap opera that features unrelated content to serve as a control group, isolating the effects of norms and resiliency messaging.

Private Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Placebo Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that features unrelated non-violent content

Norms with Public Delivery

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation Public Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Norms + Skills with Public Delivery

Soap opera that builds on the norms campaign by adding CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution Public Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based skills

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution.

Placebo with Public Delivery

Soap opera that features unrelated content to serve as a control group, isolating the effects of norms and resiliency messaging.

Public Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Placebo Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that features unrelated non-violent content

Norms with Private Delivery and Cash-for-Work program

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation Private Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.

Cash-for-Work: Small weekly payments for viewing and providing feedback on the media content.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Norms + Skills with Private Delivery and Cash-for-Work program

Soap opera that builds on the norms campaign by adding CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution Private Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.

Cash-for-Work: Small weekly payments for viewing and providing feedback on the media content.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based skills

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution.

Placebo with Private Delivery and Cash-for-Work program

Soap opera that features unrelated content to serve as a control group, isolating the effects of norms and resiliency messaging.

Private Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera privately at home on handheld devices.

Cash-for-Work: Small weekly payments for viewing and providing feedback on the media content.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Placebo Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that features unrelated non-violent content

Norms with Public Delivery and Cash-for-Work program

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation Public Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Cash-for-Work: Small weekly payments for viewing and providing feedback on the media content.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Norms + Skills with Public Delivery and Cash-for-Work program

Soap opera that builds on the norms campaign by adding CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution Public Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Cash-for-Work: Small weekly payments for viewing and providing feedback on the media content.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based skills

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT-based skills for stress management and non-violent conflict resolution.

Placebo with Public Delivery and Cash-for-Work program

Soap opera that features unrelated content to serve as a control group, isolating the effects of norms and resiliency messaging.

Public Delivery Mode: Men watch the soap opera publicly through community screenings.

Cash-for-Work: Small weekly payments for viewing and providing feedback on the media content.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Edutainment Content: Placebo Campaign

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Soap opera that features unrelated non-violent content

Interventions

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Edutainment Content: Norms Campaign

Soap opera that challenges harmful norms that condone IPV, targeting the belief that violence is an acceptable way to assert control or maintain reputation.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL