Predicting Manifest Astigmatism in Keratoconus Patients.

NCT ID: NCT06798779

Last Updated: 2025-01-29

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Total Enrollment: 800 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-06-01
• Study Completion Date: 2025-05-31

Brief Summary

The cornea of the human eye has several functions. It is transparent to allow light into the eye and its shape focuses the incoming light onto the retina. The cornea is responsible for two-thirds of this focusing, while the human lens accounts for the remaining third.

Keratoconus is a condition with onset in the second to third decades of life, where the cornea warps into an irregular shape. This irregularity reduces vision due to blurring of the image focused on the retina. Only partial improvement is achievable with traditional glasses because the corneal shape becomes irregular.

The glasses prescriptions of patients with keratoconus often differ significantly from the measurements obtained from the cornea in a clinical setting. The predictability of the magnitude and variability of this disparity is poorly understood. As a result, determining the optimal glasses prescription for achieving the best vision correction often involves a time-consuming trial-and-error approach. Improved predictability could reduce the time required to identify the optimal glasses prescription, thereby increasing productivity. For surgical patients, better predictability would enable surgeons to select lenses that provide superior vision outcomes after treatment. In the optometry clinic at the West of England Eye Unit, a database of over 800 patients with glasses prescriptions and corresponding corneal scans has been compiled by the investigators. This is a sufficient dataset to train and assess the prediction accuracy of machine learning models (AI) of glasses measurements using corneal scan parameters as predictor variables.

Detailed Description

Keratoconus is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Its main therapeutic options include corneal cross-linking, intracorneal ring segments, penetrating keratoplasty, and lamellar keratoplasty.

Keratoconus is a progressive condition with onset in childhood, resulting in increasing irregularity of corneal shape. The cornea's role is to refract incoming light to focus it onto the retina to produce a sharp image. Irregularity of the cornea degrades this image. Keratoconus develops throughout the second and third decades of life and usually stabilises in the fourth decade. It leads to progressive vision loss. When detected early, progression can be halted or stabilised with collagen cross-linking treatment. Once the condition progresses to impair the quality of vision, rigid contact lenses or surgical procedures are often required for correction. Spectacles and soft contact lenses are frequently inadequate due to the cornea's irregular shape in keratoconus.

Surgical approaches to keratoconus that do not involve corneal transplantation include implantable collamer lenses (ICL) or toric intraocular lenses (tIOL). There is little published evidence on the use of these approaches, and no consensus exists regarding the extent of astigmatism to correct or the proper axis of astigmatism to select.

In addition to lower-order aberrations (such as those correctable by spectacles, including short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism), higher-order aberrations are present, which cannot be corrected with glasses. Due to irregular corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberrations, accurate refraction is often challenging in patients with keratoconus. Eyes with keratoconus exhibit approximately five to six times more higher-order aberrations than normal eyes, particularly vertical coma. The manifest refractive cylinder (the astigmatism component in a glasses prescription) includes both regular and irregular astigmatism. Additionally, the axis of astigmatism in the prescription often differs significantly from the topometric axis derived from three-dimensional corneal imaging. In managing astigmatism for suitable patients, such as those receiving implantable collamer lenses (ICL) or toric intraocular lenses (tIOL), it is crucial to better understand the shape factors contributing to manifest refraction. Improved understanding can help neutralise post-operative refraction more effectively and achieve greater predictability. For non-surgical patients, determining the optimal glasses prescription to achieve the best vision correction often involves a time-consuming trial-and-error process. Improved predictability could reduce the time required to identify the optimal prescription, thereby enhancing productivity and patient care.

The aim of this study is to use data already collected from more than 800 patients to compare topographic elements (three-dimensional modelling of corneal shape), such as anterior and posterior curvatures and higher-order aberrations, to subjective manifest astigmatism (the amount of astigmatism in the glasses prescription) in keratoconic eyes. The impact of keratoconus severity on disparities between these methods will also be evaluated.

Conditions

Keratoconus; Keratoconus, Artificial Intelligence, Support Vector Machine

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_ONLY
• Study Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE

Interventions

Glasses

The patients will have had their vision corrected with glasses that may contain both spherical and cylindrical corrections. The glasses prescription that offers the best subjective correction of vision are being recorded.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Corneal topography

This is a scan of the cornea (front of the eye). This gives us information on how the cornea is refracting light for the patient.

Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• All patients with a diagnosis of keratoconus who have had topography performed at the West of England Eye Unit with contemporaneous manifest refraction.

Exclusion Criteria

• Poor quality topography scans.
• History of ocular surgery.
• Age <16 years.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 16 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Harry Roberts

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

West of England Eye Unit

Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom

Countries

United Kingdom

References

Elkadim M, Nasef MH, Alagorie AR, Allam WA. Corneal Topographic versus Manifest Refractive Astigmatism in Patients with Keratoconus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2022 Jun 20;16:2033-2039. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S361338. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35757018 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

2304410

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id