Improving Dysregulated Neural Networks With EEG-neurofeedback
NCT ID: NCT06587919
Last Updated: 2024-11-21
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
Recruitment Status
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
63 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2024-09-23
Study Completion Date
2026-09-01
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Comorbid PTSD in the context of chronic pain rehabilitation is a major problem. The lack of effective and efficient methods that can be integrated into current practice is needed. The current recommended treatments for PTSD leave room for supplementary approaches to achieve symptom reduction. PTSD is characterized by specific alterations of neural activity, and the DMN is known to be involved in this. Neurofeedback is the most current approach to altering neural activity patterns towards a norm pattern found in healthy subjects.
The aim of the present study is to assess whether EEG neurofeedback compared to an active control group receiving EEG sham neurofeedback is effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain and comorbid PTSD after MVCs.
The aim of the present study is to assess whether EEG neurofeedback compared to an active control group receiving EEG sham neurofeedback is effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain and comorbid PTSD after MVCs.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Mindfulness Based Emotion Regulation Therapy in the Treatment of Depressive Rumination
NCT04560192
Depressive Disorder
Depression
Rumination
UNKNOWN
NA
Neural Correlates of Neurofeedback Training
NCT03165578
Nicotine Dependence
Depression
PTSD
UNKNOWN
NA
Investigating Electroencephalographic Predictors of Default Mode Network Anticorrelation in Healthy Adults
NCT05592600
Healthy
COMPLETED
NA
Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback for Mild/Moderate Depression
NCT05025904
Depression Mild
Depression Moderate
COMPLETED
NA
Increasing Sensori-Motor Rhythm Activity by EEG-Neurofeedback to Reduce the Impact of Pain on Daily Functioning
NCT06234917
Chronic Pain Syndrome
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
COMPLETED
NA
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
Prevalence and current treatment of PTSD PTSD is a debilitating mental health disorder arising from exposure to traumatic events such as war, motor vehicle accidents, crimes, and other events, threatening the lives of oneself or others involved.
The current recommended treatments for PTSD victims consist of psychotherapies and pharmacological interventions. Although 60% of PTSD patients experience improvements from a variety of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapies, and pharmacotherapies, as many as 40% of PTSD patients do not experience symptom relief from existent therapies. Thus, the development of novel treatment alternatives is needed.
Injuries related to motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. While physical injury and pain are the primary symptoms after MVC, between 20-40% also experience severe posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. What is less known is that psychological distress is higher among those who have sustained a minor injury, such as whiplash injury, compared to more severe injuries, such as spinal cord injury. In particular PTSD symptoms such as hyperarousal are common after MVCs and an important mechanism in the development of chronic pain and disability after MVCs. With the mutual maintenance theory, it is suggested that pain and PTSD are mutually maintaining conditions. Indeed, PTSD is highly prevalent in the context of chronic pain rehabilitation of victims of MVCs with about 20% experiencing severe PTSD symptoms. Those with high levels of PTSD symptoms are known to experience higher levels of pain, disability, and distress. Unfortunately, targeting PTSD in pain rehabilitation is uncommon and the few existing trials that have tried to target comorbid PTSD and pain have not been sufficiently effective in alleviating pain and PTSD symptoms. Treatment resistance may be due to dysregulated brain networks that are not sufficiently targeted with traditional psychotherapeutic approaches.
A novel and promising method to target PTSD is source-localized EEG neurofeedback in that this method targets specific neural regions; thus, the treatment can be tailored to the individual patient's symptoms. As the treatment is entirely noninvasive and low-cost, the potential and the feasibility that the neurofeedback method can be employed broadly and that patients can train in between treatment sessions is considerable.
Here, we propose an investigation of the potential of standardized weighted Low-Resolution Tomography EEG neurofeedback training in treatment of comorbid PTSD in chronic pain. Our proposed study investigates the neural mechanisms hypothesized to be involved in neurofeedback training for PTSD patients. By testing, if such training can alter activity in specific target neural regions related to PTSD symptoms in our patient group, the goal is to evaluate the technique as a supplement to current therapies. We compare the active EEG neurofeedback treatment with a placebo control condition receiving sham EEG neurofeedback.
Neurofeedback In its most basic form, neurofeedback is a non-invasive technique, in which a person is trained to regulate his/her own neural activity. For psychological symptoms which are linked to dysregulated neural activity, neurofeedback may offer symptom alleviation by teaching patients to regulate relevant activity patterns themselves. By rewarding the person whenever the neural activity changes in a desired direction, the activity can be regulated or modulated. The pivotal mechanism is thus operant conditioning: A desired change in neural activity is followed by a rewarding stimulus as positive reinforcement. This reward may be appetitive to the patient, or, the reward may be in the form of a signal notifying that the training criterion is met, which in itself may be rewarding for a patient seeking symptom alleviation.
Since the 1990s, a number of studies have reported positive treatment outcomes for neurofeedback in psychiatric disorders establishing the value of neurofeedback interventions within mainstream psychiatry. Our proposed study aims at systematically registering the mechanisms involved in neurofeedback when applied to patients with comorbid PTSD and chronic pain. By doing so, we aim at furthering our understanding of the neural structures involved in posttraumatic stress symptoms and chronic pain and how neurofeedback may alter their activity patterns. This knowledge will enable the design of a specific and optimized neurofeedback training protocol for patients with PTSD and chronic pain after MVCs.
In recent decades, large-scale studies of EEG in healthy subjects across all ages and genders have been conducted to create knowledge on the characteristics of the human EEG. Such data have been processed and stored in databases making a wide range of EEG parameters available as norm data. EEG in a patient can thus be analyzed in terms of deviations from such norms. Deviations along some EEG parameters, which may be hypothesized to be involved in the targeted symptoms, can then be trained via neurofeedback to achieve greater congruence with relevant EEG parameters in healthy subjects.
Traditional neurofeedback uses one or two electrodes on the head to increase or decrease activity within a particular frequency band. Standardized Weighted Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (swLORETA) is a mathematical technique to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of intracortical brain electrical activity based on surface EEG recordings. The computation enables imaging of real-time brainwave activity with a spatial resolution of less than one cubic centimeter as it divides the brain into over 12,000 voxels or pieces; this provides localization similar to that of fMRI while preserving the faster temporal resolutions of EEG. Thus, while traditional neurofeedback protocols typically utilize one or two electrode sites to train diffuse brainwave frequencies near the outer surface of the brain, source localized NF can more directly target specific brain regions even deeper within the cortex. It can also target multiple Brodmann areas simultaneously as well as give feedback on connectivity or communication between different neural sources (coherence and phase relations), enabling the option to train specific neural networks.
In combination, state-of-the-art neurofeedback offers training in deviating neural activity towards a norm mean recorded in healthy subjects, specifically targeting anatomical regions involved in symptoms.
Altered neurocircuitry in PTSD Due to the nature of the diagnostic criteria, PTSD is a heterogeneous disorder with symptom levels varying across symptom clusters. However, a key observation is changes in hyperarousal as well as self-referential processing, which refers to information relevant to oneself and is an essential component in cognitive processing. Furthermore, PTSD patients may report changes in somatic self-reference and self-perception.
In recent years, neuroscientific research has shown that many psychiatric disorders can be understood as disturbances within, or, in the relation between three basic, large brain networks. The default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive networks (CEN) are concerned with self-referential processing, with external, task-related processing and with executive functions respectively. Changes in the functioning or connectivity within one network propagate to the remaining two.
Symptoms of disturbed self-referential processing in PTSD have been linked to changes in DMN connectivity. Changes in DMN may further be accompanied by an increase in SN activity, resulting in hyperarousal/heightened threat perception, and a decrease in CEN activity. Recently, PTSD symptomatology has been shown to be predicted by the level of DMN disturbance. Alterations in DMN activity and connectivity are thus strong candidates for neural correlates to altered self-referential processing in PTSD and the symptoms associated with this. Based on this knowledge, a restoration of normal activity in the DMN through neurofeedback has been suggested as a viable supplement to current treatments.
Alterations in DMN activity have also been found in acute and chronic pain states, which may reflect underlying alterations in attentional processes associated with the presence of pain itself as it has been reported that chronic pain patients also display significant attention and mental flexibility deficits. In fact, multiple studies have reported significant changes in DMN function in many chronic pain conditions. It has been suggested that the strength of the functional connections between brain regions within the DMN in chronic pain subjects relates to pain rumination, which is a measure of an individual's continuous focus on pain and its potential negative outcomes.
The current recommended treatments for PTSD victims consist of psychotherapies and pharmacological interventions. Although 60% of PTSD patients experience improvements from a variety of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapies, and pharmacotherapies, as many as 40% of PTSD patients do not experience symptom relief from existent therapies. Thus, the development of novel treatment alternatives is needed.
Injuries related to motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. While physical injury and pain are the primary symptoms after MVC, between 20-40% also experience severe posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. What is less known is that psychological distress is higher among those who have sustained a minor injury, such as whiplash injury, compared to more severe injuries, such as spinal cord injury. In particular PTSD symptoms such as hyperarousal are common after MVCs and an important mechanism in the development of chronic pain and disability after MVCs. With the mutual maintenance theory, it is suggested that pain and PTSD are mutually maintaining conditions. Indeed, PTSD is highly prevalent in the context of chronic pain rehabilitation of victims of MVCs with about 20% experiencing severe PTSD symptoms. Those with high levels of PTSD symptoms are known to experience higher levels of pain, disability, and distress. Unfortunately, targeting PTSD in pain rehabilitation is uncommon and the few existing trials that have tried to target comorbid PTSD and pain have not been sufficiently effective in alleviating pain and PTSD symptoms. Treatment resistance may be due to dysregulated brain networks that are not sufficiently targeted with traditional psychotherapeutic approaches.
A novel and promising method to target PTSD is source-localized EEG neurofeedback in that this method targets specific neural regions; thus, the treatment can be tailored to the individual patient's symptoms. As the treatment is entirely noninvasive and low-cost, the potential and the feasibility that the neurofeedback method can be employed broadly and that patients can train in between treatment sessions is considerable.
Here, we propose an investigation of the potential of standardized weighted Low-Resolution Tomography EEG neurofeedback training in treatment of comorbid PTSD in chronic pain. Our proposed study investigates the neural mechanisms hypothesized to be involved in neurofeedback training for PTSD patients. By testing, if such training can alter activity in specific target neural regions related to PTSD symptoms in our patient group, the goal is to evaluate the technique as a supplement to current therapies. We compare the active EEG neurofeedback treatment with a placebo control condition receiving sham EEG neurofeedback.
Neurofeedback In its most basic form, neurofeedback is a non-invasive technique, in which a person is trained to regulate his/her own neural activity. For psychological symptoms which are linked to dysregulated neural activity, neurofeedback may offer symptom alleviation by teaching patients to regulate relevant activity patterns themselves. By rewarding the person whenever the neural activity changes in a desired direction, the activity can be regulated or modulated. The pivotal mechanism is thus operant conditioning: A desired change in neural activity is followed by a rewarding stimulus as positive reinforcement. This reward may be appetitive to the patient, or, the reward may be in the form of a signal notifying that the training criterion is met, which in itself may be rewarding for a patient seeking symptom alleviation.
Since the 1990s, a number of studies have reported positive treatment outcomes for neurofeedback in psychiatric disorders establishing the value of neurofeedback interventions within mainstream psychiatry. Our proposed study aims at systematically registering the mechanisms involved in neurofeedback when applied to patients with comorbid PTSD and chronic pain. By doing so, we aim at furthering our understanding of the neural structures involved in posttraumatic stress symptoms and chronic pain and how neurofeedback may alter their activity patterns. This knowledge will enable the design of a specific and optimized neurofeedback training protocol for patients with PTSD and chronic pain after MVCs.
In recent decades, large-scale studies of EEG in healthy subjects across all ages and genders have been conducted to create knowledge on the characteristics of the human EEG. Such data have been processed and stored in databases making a wide range of EEG parameters available as norm data. EEG in a patient can thus be analyzed in terms of deviations from such norms. Deviations along some EEG parameters, which may be hypothesized to be involved in the targeted symptoms, can then be trained via neurofeedback to achieve greater congruence with relevant EEG parameters in healthy subjects.
Traditional neurofeedback uses one or two electrodes on the head to increase or decrease activity within a particular frequency band. Standardized Weighted Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (swLORETA) is a mathematical technique to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of intracortical brain electrical activity based on surface EEG recordings. The computation enables imaging of real-time brainwave activity with a spatial resolution of less than one cubic centimeter as it divides the brain into over 12,000 voxels or pieces; this provides localization similar to that of fMRI while preserving the faster temporal resolutions of EEG. Thus, while traditional neurofeedback protocols typically utilize one or two electrode sites to train diffuse brainwave frequencies near the outer surface of the brain, source localized NF can more directly target specific brain regions even deeper within the cortex. It can also target multiple Brodmann areas simultaneously as well as give feedback on connectivity or communication between different neural sources (coherence and phase relations), enabling the option to train specific neural networks.
In combination, state-of-the-art neurofeedback offers training in deviating neural activity towards a norm mean recorded in healthy subjects, specifically targeting anatomical regions involved in symptoms.
Altered neurocircuitry in PTSD Due to the nature of the diagnostic criteria, PTSD is a heterogeneous disorder with symptom levels varying across symptom clusters. However, a key observation is changes in hyperarousal as well as self-referential processing, which refers to information relevant to oneself and is an essential component in cognitive processing. Furthermore, PTSD patients may report changes in somatic self-reference and self-perception.
In recent years, neuroscientific research has shown that many psychiatric disorders can be understood as disturbances within, or, in the relation between three basic, large brain networks. The default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive networks (CEN) are concerned with self-referential processing, with external, task-related processing and with executive functions respectively. Changes in the functioning or connectivity within one network propagate to the remaining two.
Symptoms of disturbed self-referential processing in PTSD have been linked to changes in DMN connectivity. Changes in DMN may further be accompanied by an increase in SN activity, resulting in hyperarousal/heightened threat perception, and a decrease in CEN activity. Recently, PTSD symptomatology has been shown to be predicted by the level of DMN disturbance. Alterations in DMN activity and connectivity are thus strong candidates for neural correlates to altered self-referential processing in PTSD and the symptoms associated with this. Based on this knowledge, a restoration of normal activity in the DMN through neurofeedback has been suggested as a viable supplement to current treatments.
Alterations in DMN activity have also been found in acute and chronic pain states, which may reflect underlying alterations in attentional processes associated with the presence of pain itself as it has been reported that chronic pain patients also display significant attention and mental flexibility deficits. In fact, multiple studies have reported significant changes in DMN function in many chronic pain conditions. It has been suggested that the strength of the functional connections between brain regions within the DMN in chronic pain subjects relates to pain rumination, which is a measure of an individual's continuous focus on pain and its potential negative outcomes.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Chronic Pain
Ptsd
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Blinding Strategy
DOUBLE
Participants
Investigators
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Real EEG-NF
10 EEG based neurofeedback sessions modulating the activity of the default mode network.
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Neurofeedback
Intervention Type
DEVICE
EEG-based neurofeedback, administered with the Neuroguide software.
Sham EEG-NF
10 sessions of neurofeedback another person's EEG.
Group Type
SHAM_COMPARATOR
Neurofeedback
Intervention Type
DEVICE
EEG-based neurofeedback, administered with the Neuroguide software.
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Neurofeedback
EEG-based neurofeedback, administered with the Neuroguide software.
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* has finished treatment at Smertecenter Syd.
* is still experiencing pain of more than 4 on the Numeric Ranking Scale (NRS).
* has been exposed to an adverse event that causes continued arousal according to the International Trauma Questionnaire.
* is still experiencing pain of more than 4 on the Numeric Ranking Scale (NRS).
* has been exposed to an adverse event that causes continued arousal according to the International Trauma Questionnaire.
Exclusion Criteria
* Participants with known neurological disorders will be excluded from participation.
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
Imaging future
UNKNOWN
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Southern Denmark
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Tonny Elmose Andersen, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Professor at Institute of Psychology, SDU
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
University of Southern Denmark
Odense, , Denmark
Site Status
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
Denmark
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J, Kristjansson E, Dumas JP, Niere K, Cote J, deSerres S, Rivest K, Jull G. Assessment and validation of prognostic models for poor functional recovery 12 months after whiplash injury: a multicentre inception cohort study. Pain. 2012 Aug;153(8):1727-1734. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.004. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Siqveland J, Hussain A, Lindstrom JC, Ruud T, Hauff E. Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Persons with Chronic Pain: A Meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2017 Sep 14;8:164. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00164. eCollection 2017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Sharp TJ, Harvey AG. Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: mutual maintenance? Clin Psychol Rev. 2001 Aug;21(6):857-77. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00071-4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ravn SL, Hartvigsen J, Hansen M, Sterling M, Andersen TE. Do post-traumatic pain and post-traumatic stress symptomatology mutually maintain each other? A systematic review of cross-lagged studies. Pain. 2018 Nov;159(11):2159-2169. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001331.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ipser J, Seedat S, Stein DJ. Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder - a systematic review and meta-analysis. S Afr Med J. 2006 Oct;96(10):1088-96.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Craig A, Tran Y, Guest R, Gopinath B, Jagnoor J, Bryant RA, Collie A, Tate R, Kenardy J, Middleton JW, Cameron I. Psychological impact of injuries sustained in motor vehicle crashes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016 Sep 8;6(9):e011993. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011993.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Buitenhuis J, de Jong PJ, Jaspers JP, Groothoff JW. Relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and the course of whiplash complaints. J Psychosom Res. 2006 Nov;61(5):681-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.07.008.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D. A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;162(2):214-27. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.214.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Andersen TE, Ravn SL, Armfield N, Maujean A, Requena SS, Sterling M. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise for chronic whiplash with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2021 Apr 1;162(4):1221-1232. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002117.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Andersen TE, Lahav Y, Ellegaard H, Manniche C. A randomized controlled trial of brief Somatic Experiencing for chronic low back pain and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017 May 30;8(1):1331108. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1331108. eCollection 2017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Andersen TE, Ellegaard H, Schiottz-Christensen B, Mejldal A, Manniche C. Somatic Experiencing(R) for patients with low back pain and comorbid posttraumatic stress symptoms - a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020 Aug 18;11(1):1797306. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1797306.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
93533245
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.
Investigating the Neural Systems That Support the Beneficial Effects of Positive Emotion on Stress Regulation
NCT04496258
COMPLETED
NA
Neurofeedback Removal of Emotional Information From Mind
NCT06460207
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
Effect of Amygdala Neurofeedback on Depressive Symptoms and Processing Biases
NCT02079610
COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Mindfulness-based Neurofeedback for Adolescents With Elevated Repetitive Negative Thinking
NCT07055217
RECRUITING
NA
The Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Learning With Reward in Healthy Humans
NCT01260740
TERMINATED
Neurofeedback and Neural Plasticity of Self-Processing and Affect Regulation Circuits in Suicide Attempting Adolescents
NCT06183580
COMPLETED
PHASE1
Neurofeedback Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal Training
NCT06132659
COMPLETED
NA
Self-regulation of Prefrontal Cortex During Emotional Cognitive Control
NCT04543500
COMPLETED
NA
Neurofeedback for Treatment-resistant Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)
NCT03956771
UNKNOWN
NA
A Comparison of Two Treatments for CRPS and Changes in Resting-State Connectivity of Cerebral Networks.
NCT02753335
UNKNOWN
NA
Investigating the Neural Systems That Support the Reappraisal Tactics Leading to Positive Emotion
NCT04532242
UNKNOWN
NA
Brain Signal Training to Enhance Affect Down-regulation
NCT06626789
RECRUITING
PHASE1/PHASE2
Neurofeedback Training's Efficiency for Attentionnal Performances
NCT05924659
RECRUITING
NA
Descriptive Pilot Study of the Effects of a Standardized Neuromodulation Program on Cortical Brain Function in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients
NCT03929952
COMPLETED
NA
Neurofeedback to Reduce Spontaneous Recovery of Threat Expectancy
NCT07122739
RECRUITING
NA
Neurofeedback in Patients With Frontal Brain Lesions
NCT02957695
COMPLETED
NA
Resilience and Modification of Brain Control Network Following November 13
NCT02810197
RECRUITING
NA
Cortical Excitability in Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
NCT00029068
COMPLETED
Individual Differences in Cognitive Control Predict Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback Performance
NCT07211269
RECRUITING
NA
Targeting Large-scale Networks in Depression With Real-time fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Neurofeedback
NCT05934604
COMPLETED
NA
fMRI Based EEG Neurofeedback as a Method of Enhancing Emotional Resilience Among Soldiers
NCT02020265
UNKNOWN
NA
Electroencephalography Based Neurofeedback in Chronic Neuropathic Pain
NCT01560039
UNKNOWN
NA
Measuring and Modulating Changes in EEG Resting State Functional Connectivity During Short-term and Long-term Pain
NCT05158309
COMPLETED
NA
Electrophysiological Correlates of Nocebo Effects on Pain
NCT04199858
COMPLETED
NA
Modulating Repetitive Negative Thinking Related Brain Networks in Young Adults With Depression
NCT06219681
TERMINATED
NA