Evaluation of Pain Neuroscience Education for Patients Who Experience Chronic Pain With Concurrent Opioid Dependence
NCT ID: NCT06442306
Last Updated: 2024-06-04
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
21 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2020-01-03
2021-01-15
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Patients Patients were recruited from an opioid management program (OMP) at the referenced family practice clinic. At the time of study recruitment, the OMP had 31 patients participating monthly.
Procedures The 21 participating patients were divided into two groups via a coin toss; 13 were included in the experimental group (PNE) and eight were included in the general health education control group (GHE).
All patients reviewed and signed the IRB approved consent/HIPAA form and performed the MMSE. Each patient completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), and the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) at the onset of the study. All intervention sessions were completed once per month directly after the patient's regularly scheduled monthly OMP appointment.
The PNE group received the a-PNE curriculum which was created with patient-friendly verbiage and used to educate subjects about the inner workings of the nervous system. The a-PNE curriculum, a PowerPoint presentation was divided into four, 15-minute, one-on-one sessions with the PI in a private treatment room to facilitate discussion and minimize distractions. The educational information was related directly to the patients' CMP/OpD experience to personalize the intervention and presented at a pace that was appropriate for each patient. At the conclusion of each session, the PNE group was provided handouts containing information that was reviewed during that session. At the end of the a-PNE intervention, the patients completed the three questionnaires.
The GHE group was provided practical education for healthy living over four monthly sessions, 15-minutes per session. The GHE intervention was comprised of topics promoting healthy living in a one-on-one session with the PI in a private treatment room to facilitate discussion. At the conclusion of each session, the GHE group was provided handouts containing information that was reviewed during the session. At the end of the GHE intervention, the patients completed the three questionnaires.
It should be noted that no patients were receiving other physical therapy interventions throughout the time of the study. The principal investigator removed exercise-related language and overt physical therapy-related topics to focus primarily on the psychosocial constructs for both groups. Considering the many factors surrounding this cohort, multiple sessions were chosen for the two groups to minimize the effects of CMP/OpD of decreased attention span, decreased working memory and decreased cognitive flexibility, which has been demonstrated in the literature.
Ninety days after the completion of the intervention sessions and the post-program assessments, a follow-up data collection was performed in which all patients completed the three questionnaires. After the research study was complete and all data collected, the GHE subjects were offered the identical a-PNE intervention which was utilized with the PNE group.
Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software (v.27.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was set at P\<0.05. The scores of three patients who did not complete the study were removed from the data set.
Normative distribution was evaluated utilizing the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations (SD), were gathered for baseline demographic data. A group (a-PNE or GHE) by time (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 90-day post-intervention) interaction analysis of variance (ANOVA) was completed for each dependent variable. Analysis included the Mauchly's Test of Sphericity to correct for violations. Bonferroni's correction was used as needed. Pearson's correlation was performed to inquire of correlation between variables.
Paired samples t-tests were conducted on each group and utilized to analyze pre-intervention to post-intervention and pre-intervention to 90-day post-intervention scores for each of the three dependent variables.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Pain Neuroscience Education group
The PNE group received the a-PNE education curriculum which was created with patient-friendly verbiage and used to educate subjects about the inner workings of the nervous system. The a-PNE curriculum, a PowerPoint presentation was divided into four, 15-minute, one-on-one sessions with the PI in a private treatment room to facilitate discussion and minimize distractions. The educational information was related directly to the patients' CMP/OpD experience to personalize the intervention and presented at a pace that was appropriate for each patient. At the conclusion of each session, the PNE group was provided handouts containing information that was reviewed during that session. At the end of the a-PNE intervention, the patients completed the three questionnaires.
Pain Neuroscience Education
Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) is a cognitive-based education intervention that aims to change pain beliefs in patients experiencing CMP. Researchers have found PNE beneficial in assisting patients to reframe their understanding, attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs regarding their pain experience. PNE directs patients to relate chronic pain to overly sensitive nerves rather than assumed tissue damage. Further, PNE encourages patients to perform daily activities, work, and function in society, all despite pain. This facilitates behavior changes that are key in amending a patient's biopsychosocial state. Multiple sources make a strong case for the incorporation of PNE in having positive effects on reducing physical disability and modulating fear and anxiety in patients with CMP. Researchers have established a positive influence of PNE toward decreased kinesiophobia and have demonstrated a relation between increased self-efficacy and increased functional ability.
General Health Education group
The GHE group was provided practical education for healthy living over four monthly sessions, 15-minutes per session. The GHE intervention was comprised of topics promoting healthy living in a one-on-one session with the PI in a private treatment room to facilitate discussion. At the conclusion of each session, the GHE group was provided handouts containing information that was reviewed during the session. At the end of the GHE intervention, the patients completed the three questionnaires.
General Health Education
General Health Education included: 20 Benefits of Walking 30 Minutes a Day; Why You Should Quit: Smoking Cessation; Heat vs. Cold: How to Use it For Pain Control; Sleep Hygiene.
Interventions
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Pain Neuroscience Education
Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) is a cognitive-based education intervention that aims to change pain beliefs in patients experiencing CMP. Researchers have found PNE beneficial in assisting patients to reframe their understanding, attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs regarding their pain experience. PNE directs patients to relate chronic pain to overly sensitive nerves rather than assumed tissue damage. Further, PNE encourages patients to perform daily activities, work, and function in society, all despite pain. This facilitates behavior changes that are key in amending a patient's biopsychosocial state. Multiple sources make a strong case for the incorporation of PNE in having positive effects on reducing physical disability and modulating fear and anxiety in patients with CMP. Researchers have established a positive influence of PNE toward decreased kinesiophobia and have demonstrated a relation between increased self-efficacy and increased functional ability.
General Health Education
General Health Education included: 20 Benefits of Walking 30 Minutes a Day; Why You Should Quit: Smoking Cessation; Heat vs. Cold: How to Use it For Pain Control; Sleep Hygiene.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* Score of 24 or less on the Mini Mental State Examination
18 Years
95 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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University of Kentucky
OTHER
Wichita State University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Nicole D Windsor
Physical Therapist, PhD student, Teaching assistant
Principal Investigators
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Anne Harrison, PhD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
University of Kentucky
Nicole D Windsor, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Kentucky
Tony English, PhD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
University of Kentucky
Locations
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University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Countries
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References
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Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, Nahin R, Mackey S, DeBar L, Kerns R, Von Korff M, Porter L, Helmick C. Prevalence of Chronic Pain and High-Impact Chronic Pain Among Adults - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Sep 14;67(36):1001-1006. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6736a2.
Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, Puentedura EJ. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Dec;92(12):2041-56. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.07.198.
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Provided Documents
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Document Type: Informed Consent Form
Other Identifiers
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53966
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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