Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
88 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-01-15
2023-05-25
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Intervention Very low calorie ketogenic low-fat diet (VLCKLFD)
Frank ketosis: between 650 and 730 kcal/day in 5 mealtimes. This stage in the nutritional intervention was done during the first 4 weeks.
Mixed Ketosis: in this stage, one intake of commercial preparations was replaced by proteins, which discreetly increased by 100 to 150 Kcal/day. This stage was done during the next 4 weeks.
Low-fat normoprotein Controlled Ketogenic Diet.
Frank ketosis will consist of between 650 and 730 kcal/day in 5 meal times, based on commercial and vegetable preparations with low glycemic index, an average of 1.2 g of protein/kg of ideal weight/day, 20 g/day of lipids based on essential fatty acids and less than 60 g/day of absorbable carbohydrates. Patients will receive vitamin and sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate. Mixed Ketosis one or two intakes of commercial preparations will be progressively replaced by proteins, which will increase by 100 to 150 Kcal/day, supplementation of vitamins and minerals will continue. Transition Stage simple carbohydrates and some complex carbohydrates are added to the previous program, in an approximate proportion of 30 to 35% protein, 25% fat and 40 to 45 % carbohydrates. Integral and maintenance phase: may vary between 1300 and 2250 kcal/day, with a macronutrient distribution of 50% carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 25% fats.
Low-Calorie Diet (LCD)
The usual caloric intake of a balanced LCD is between 1,200 and 1,500 kcal per day with a macronutrient distribution of 50% carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 25% fats, according to the Diogenes study
Hypocaloric Balanced Diet
Balanced hypocaloric diet (caloric intake 20% below basal metabolic expenditure measured by Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance or calculated according to the FAO/WHO/UN formula (FAO/WHO/UNU (1985). Energy and Protein requirements. Technical Report Series No 724, World Health Organization, Geneva). The usual caloric intake of a balanced hypocaloric diet is between 1,200 and 1,400 kcal per day with a macronutrient distribution of 50% carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 25% fats, according to the Diogenes study
Interventions
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Low-fat normoprotein Controlled Ketogenic Diet.
Frank ketosis will consist of between 650 and 730 kcal/day in 5 meal times, based on commercial and vegetable preparations with low glycemic index, an average of 1.2 g of protein/kg of ideal weight/day, 20 g/day of lipids based on essential fatty acids and less than 60 g/day of absorbable carbohydrates. Patients will receive vitamin and sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate. Mixed Ketosis one or two intakes of commercial preparations will be progressively replaced by proteins, which will increase by 100 to 150 Kcal/day, supplementation of vitamins and minerals will continue. Transition Stage simple carbohydrates and some complex carbohydrates are added to the previous program, in an approximate proportion of 30 to 35% protein, 25% fat and 40 to 45 % carbohydrates. Integral and maintenance phase: may vary between 1300 and 2250 kcal/day, with a macronutrient distribution of 50% carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 25% fats.
Hypocaloric Balanced Diet
Balanced hypocaloric diet (caloric intake 20% below basal metabolic expenditure measured by Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance or calculated according to the FAO/WHO/UN formula (FAO/WHO/UNU (1985). Energy and Protein requirements. Technical Report Series No 724, World Health Organization, Geneva). The usual caloric intake of a balanced hypocaloric diet is between 1,200 and 1,400 kcal per day with a macronutrient distribution of 50% carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 25% fats, according to the Diogenes study
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
18 Years
61 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Universidad Veracruzana
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Francisco J. Nachón García
MD. PhD Senior Researcher of the Institute of Health Sciences at Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa
Locations
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Francisco J Nachón García
Mexico City, , Mexico
Countries
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References
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Palgi A, Read JL, Greenberg I, Hoefer MA, Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL. Multidisciplinary treatment of obesity with a protein-sparing modified fast: results in 668 outpatients. Am J Public Health. 1985 Oct;75(10):1190-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.75.10.1190.
Hemmingsson E, Johansson K, Eriksson J, Sundstrom J, Neovius M, Marcus C. Weight loss and dropout during a commercial weight-loss program including a very-low-calorie diet, a low-calorie diet, or restricted normal food: observational cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Nov;96(5):953-61. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038265. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
Lartey S, Si L, Lung T, Magnussen CG, Boateng GO, Minicuci N, Kowal P, Hayes A, de Graaff B, Blizzard L, Palmer AJ. Impact of overweight and obesity on life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years and lifetime costs in the adult population of Ghana. BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Sep;5(9):e003332. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003332.
Foster D, Sanchez-Collins S, Cheskin LJ. Multidisciplinary Team-Based Obesity Treatment in Patients With Diabetes: Current Practices and the State of the Science. Diabetes Spectr. 2017 Nov;30(4):244-249. doi: 10.2337/ds17-0045.
Pirozzo S, Summerbell C, Cameron C, Glasziou P. Should we recommend low-fat diets for obesity? Obes Rev. 2003 May;4(2):83-90. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2003.00099.x.
Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR. Careers in nutrition from the clinical viewpoint. Nutr Rev. 1976 Apr;34(4):97-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1976.tb05719.x. No abstract available.
Tsai AG, Wadden TA. The evolution of very-low-calorie diets: an update and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Aug;14(8):1283-93. doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.146.
Goday A, Bellido D, Sajoux I, Crujeiras AB, Burguera B, Garcia-Luna PP, Oleaga A, Moreno B, Casanueva FF. Short-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes. 2016 Sep 19;6(9):e230. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2016.36.
Elfhag K, Rossner S. Initial weight loss is the best predictor for success in obesity treatment and sociodemographic liabilities increase risk for drop-out. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Jun;79(3):361-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Mar 11.
Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Larsen TM, van Baak MA, Jebb S, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AF, Martinez JA, Kunesova M, Holst C, Saris WH, Astrup A. Initial weight loss on an 800-kcal diet as a predictor of weight loss success after 8 weeks: the Diogenes study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Sep;64(9):994-9. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.110. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
Nackers LM, Ross KM, Perri MG. The association between rate of initial weight loss and long-term success in obesity treatment: does slow and steady win the race? Int J Behav Med. 2010 Sep;17(3):161-7. doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9092-y.
Blackburn GL. Weight of the nation: moving forward, reversing the trend using medical care. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Nov;96(5):949-50. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.049643. Epub 2012 Oct 3. No abstract available.
Larsen TM, Dalskov SM, van Baak M, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AF, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kunesova M, Pihlsgard M, Stender S, Holst C, Saris WH, Astrup A; Diet, Obesity, and Genes (Diogenes) Project. Diets with high or low protein content and glycemic index for weight-loss maintenance. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 25;363(22):2102-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1007137.
Cano-Rodríguez I, Ballesteros-Pomar MD, Pérez-Corral B, Aguado R. Dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono frente a dietas bajas en grasas. Endocrinol Nutr 2006;53(3):209-17 dol: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1575-0922(06)71091-9
Joint WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2007;(935):1-265, back cover.
Díaz-Muñoz GA, Castañeda-Gómez ÁM, Belalcázar-Monsalve MP, Zambrano-Salazar JP, Bautista-Velandia MC, Ballesteros-Arbeláez F. Efecto de la dieta cetogénica baja en calorías sobre la composición corporal en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Rev Nutr Clin Metab. 2021;4(3):98-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.35454/rncm.v4n3.273
Merra G, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A, Barrucco S, Perrone MA, Avolio E, Bernardini S, Marchetti M, Di Renzo L. Effects of very-low-calorie diet on body composition, metabolic state, and genes expression: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Jan;21(2):329-345.
Romano L, Marchetti M, Gualtieri P, Di Renzo L, Belcastro M, De Santis GL, Perrone MA, De Lorenzo A. Effects of a Personalized VLCKD on Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in the Reversal of Diabetes to Prevent Complications. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 4;11(7):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu11071526.
Colombo O, Ferretti VV, Ferraris C, Trentani C, Vinai P, Villani S, Tagliabue A. Is drop-out from obesity treatment a predictable and preventable event? Nutr J. 2014 Feb 3;13:13. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-13.
Moreno B, Crujeiras AB, Bellido D, Sajoux I, Casanueva FF. Obesity treatment by very low-calorie-ketogenic diet at two years: reduction in visceral fat and on the burden of disease. Endocrine. 2016 Dec;54(3):681-690. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1050-2. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
Sajoux I, Lorenzo PM, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Zulet MA, Abete I, Castro AI, Baltar J, Portillo MP, Tinahones FJ, Martinez JA, Crujeiras AB, Casanueva FF. Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 4;11(10):2368. doi: 10.3390/nu11102368.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Document Type: Informed Consent Form
Related Links
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Short-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Initial weight loss is the best predictor for success in obesity treatment and sociodemographic liabilities increase risk for drop-out
Initial weight loss on an 800-kcal diet as a predictor of weight loss success after 8 weeks: the Diogenes study.
The association between rate of initial weight loss and long-term success in obesity treatment: Does slow and steady win the race?
Weight of the nation: moving forward, reversing the trend using medical care
Dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono frente a dietas bajas en grasas.
Efecto de la dieta cetogénica baja en calorías sobre la composición corporal en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Other Identifiers
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1/1142021
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
19CI 30 087 041
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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