Bioavailability of Aronia Berry Polyphenols

NCT ID: NCT05488886

Last Updated: 2023-03-31

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 13 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-02-09
• Study Completion Date: 2023-03-28

Brief Summary

The objective of this study is to conduct a randomized cross-over dietary intervention among healthy adults to compare the bioavailability and the fecal polyphenol metabolites of intervention foods made with whole aronia berry powder, aronia berry extract, phospholipid-polyphenol (PLP), and a low-polyphenol control. 10 participants will be enrolled and can expect to be on study for up to 28 days.

Detailed Description

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two conditions of IBD that are characterized by chronic inflammation and damage of the gastrointestinal tract. In the United States alone, IBD are estimated to affect as many as 1.6 million people. IBD are associated with high morbidity, decreased quality of life, as well as substantial health care costs. IBD currently have no known cure, and treatment of IBD often requires the use of potent immunosuppressors which may lead to side effects or surgery.

Berries and prevention of chronic inflammation: Anthocyanins and other polyphenols are promising dietary agents to prevent and treat IBD by improving intestinal barrier dysfunction, inhibiting differentiation of pro-inflammatory T cells, reducing production of proinflammatory cytokines, and preventing oxidative stress. While preliminary studies are promising, translational human intervention studies are needed to refine delivery of polyphenol-rich foods and to confirm anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Berries are rich dietary sources of polyphenols and essential nutrients. Polyphenol intake varies significantly by dietary patterns, but mean intake is estimated ~900 mg/day. Among berries, the polyphenol-dense aronia berry is one of the richest sources of fruit polyphenols.

Challenges associated with aronia berry consumption: In spite of its beneficial nutritional properties, the consumption of large amounts of whole aronia berry is not practical because of significant sorbitol and fiber content, which could lead to gastrointestinal discomfort for some individuals. Particularly, IBD patients often are required to limit fiber and whole fruit intake. The investigator's research group recently developed a novel method to extract polyphenols from fruit juice using food-grade lecithin which overcomes this problem.

The investigators hypothesize the resulting phospholipid-polyphenol (PLP) enriched material can improve the delivery of anthocyanins to the gut relative to a purified extract, and similar to that of whole berry. The aim of this study is to determine the comparative metabolism and bioavailability of aronia berry PLP intervention to extract, whole berry, and control food.

Consumption of Intervention Foods: In the morning of the day of each intervention and sampling period (days 6, 13, 20, and 27 i), participants will be asked to visit the Bolling Laboratory at the Department of Food Science fasted. Participants will then be asked to empty their bladders and then consume one serving of the applesauce (≤200 g). Then, in the next 24 h, participants will be asked to only consume commercially available frozen and shelf-stable low-polyphenol meals and snacks provided by study personnel. Insulated bags will be provided to participants for transport of frozen meals. The low-polyphenol diet and snacks will consist of dairy products, meat, low-phenolic snacks (e.g., banana, potato chips) and starch sources (e.g. white bread, rice, and plain bagels). Water will be available to participants over the time course, and its intake is not restricted.

Conditions

Gut Health; Metabolism; Polyphenols

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

A: Whole Aronia Berry Powder

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Whole Aronia Berry Powder Applesauce

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce A will additionally contain whole aronia berry powder (Milne MicroDried, Nampa, ID).

B: Aronia Berry Extract

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Aronia Berry Extract Applesauce

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce B will additionally contain aronia berry extract (Artemis International, Fort Wayne, IN).

C: Phospholipid-Polyphenol

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Phospholipid-Polyphenol Applesauce

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce C will additionally contain PLP which will be prepared with commercially-available aronia juice concentrate (Greenwood Associates, Niles, IL) and soy lecithin (Whole Foods, Austin, TX).

D: Low-Polyphenol Control

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Low-Polyphenol Control Applesauce

Intervention Type: OTHER

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce D will not contain additional polyphenol-rich ingredients and is thus considered a low-polyphenol control.

Interventions

Whole Aronia Berry Powder Applesauce

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce A will additionally contain whole aronia berry powder (Milne MicroDried, Nampa, ID).

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Aronia Berry Extract Applesauce

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce B will additionally contain aronia berry extract (Artemis International, Fort Wayne, IN).

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Phospholipid-Polyphenol Applesauce

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce C will additionally contain PLP which will be prepared with commercially-available aronia juice concentrate (Greenwood Associates, Niles, IL) and soy lecithin (Whole Foods, Austin, TX).

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Low-Polyphenol Control Applesauce

The food will be designed to be a berry-flavored applesauce. The food will include applesauce, sweeteners, citric acid, natural flavors and food colorants. Applesauce D will not contain additional polyphenol-rich ingredients and is thus considered a low-polyphenol control.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• willing to consume low-anthocyanin diets during the last days of wash-in and wash-out periods
• willing to consume intervention foods during the sampling periods
• willing to provide 24-hour urine and fecal samples during the sampling periods.

Exclusion Criteria

• people who do not consider themselves healthy
• anyone with a self-reported previous diagnosis of a gastrointestinal disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome)
• undergoing current cancer treatment (i.e., chemotherapy, radiation therapy)
• are pregnant, lactating, or trying to become pregnant
• unwilling to consume study foods, or are allergic to sunflower, food colorants, berry ingredients, or any other component of the study foods.
• taking medication that contraindicates grapefruit juice consumption

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Wisconsin, Madison

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Bradley Bolling, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Locations

University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Countries

United States

Provided Documents

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

Protocol Version 07/01/2022

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

A074000

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2022-0702

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id