Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery Versus Multi-Tract Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Complex Renal Stones:
NCT ID: NCT05460559
Last Updated: 2022-11-14
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
NA
110 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2022-03-01
2024-01-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Complex renal stones usually refer to multiple stones, stones associated with anatomical or functional abnormalities or staghorn calculi. They can cause severe morbidities such as renal failure, sepsis, and even death. Rassweiler et al. defined complex renal calculi based on stone burden and distribution, renal function and associated infection. Due to the complicated etiological factors, large stone burdens, high operation risks and high recurrence, it is always a challenge for surgeons to treat such stones. Complete stone clearance is the ultimate goal in staghorn calculi management because of the high incidence of recurrence and its inherent risks to the kidney and life of the patient.
Various management options are available for management of staghorn renal calculi including PCNL monotherapy, single-tract PCNL with flexible nephroscopy, multi-tract PCNL, combinations of PCNL and SWL, SWL monotherapy and open surgical options.
The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend PCNL as the first-line treatment for staghorn calculi. According to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, SWL remains the method of choice for the removal of stones within the renal pelvis, upper or middle calices measuring \< 2 cm while larger stones (more than 2 cm) and lower pole stones more than 1.5 cm should be managed using PCNL.
It is noteworthy that prone position is conventionally used for PCNL surgical procedure, which facilitates percutaneous renal puncture and decreases the chance of splanchnic injury. However, it confines the application of Endoscopic Combined Intra-Renal Surgery (ECIRS). Scoffone CM et al. reported the use of ECIRS in Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia (GMSV) position for complex urolithiasis, the results showed that ECIRS in GMSV position generated high one step SFR, without additional procedure related complications.
As stone size increases, longer operative time, larger volume of irrigating fluid and multiple tracts may be required to achieve complete stone clearance as it is very difficult to access all the calices through a single percutaneous tract. Multiple access tracts are needed in as many as 20% to 58% of PCNL procedures.In case of complex calculi, the number of accesses is defined by the overall size, volume of the stone, anatomy of the pelvi-calyceal system (PCS), stone distribution, general health of the patient and the experience of the operating surgeon. So, multi-tract PCNL has been well established in the management of complex renal calculi. El-Nahas AR et al. reported that with PCNL monotherapy, the stone free rate (SFR) for staghorn calculi was 56%.Multiple tracts or multiple sessions of PCNL were required to get high SFR in patients with staghorn calculi while the tract related complications increased accordingly such as extravasation, bleeding, need for transfusion, infection, fever and deterioration in renal function. Indeed, several investigators have reported greater blood loss with more than one access tract.
On the other hand, many evidences have demonstrated that FURS is effective and safe for the renal stone less than 2 cm. Recently it is used to treat relatively large size intrarenal calculi . A meta-analysis published in 2012 showed that FURS can successfully treat patients with renal stones \> 2 cm with satisfactory clinical outcome. However, flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy is not recommended as monotherapy for staghorn calculi, while an important ancillary therapeutic option for residual stones following PCNL.
So, we need a new treatment modality to minimize the morbidity of multi-tract PCNL by evaluation of the ECIRS.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Group A (p-PCNL) procedure
In lithotomy position, . Under fluoroscopic guidance, the desired calyces will be punctured using an 18 G coaxial needle. Then 0.038 mm hydrophilic guidewires will be passed percutaneously through the needle into the pelvis. Using metal dilators dilatation will be carried out. Amplatz sheath will be inserted to allow nephroscope to enter the collecting system. Stone disintegration will be performed using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser lithotripsy. Eventually after removal of all stone fragments, a nephrostomy tube will be placed.
Group A (p-PCNL) procedure
In lithotomy position, ureteric catheter will be inserted allowing injection of contrast to obtain a pyelogram. Shifting the patients in prone position will be done. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the desired calyces will be punctured using an 18 G coaxial needle. Then 0.038 mm hydrophilic guidewires will be passed percutaneously through the needle into the pelvis. Using metal dilators dilatation will be carried out. Amplatz sheath will be inserted to allow nephroscope to enter the collecting system. Stone disintegration will be performed using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser lithotripsy. Eventually after removal of all stone fragments, a nephrostomy tube will be placed.
Group B (s-ECIRS) procedure
The patients will be in Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia (GMSV) position . Under fluoroscopic guidance, the desired calyces will be punctured using an 18 G coaxial needle. Then 0.038 mm hydrophilic guidewires will be passed percutaneously through the needle into the pelvis. Using metal dilators dilatation will be carried out till 30 Fr. Amplatz sheath will be inserted to allow a 26 Fr nephroscope to enter the collecting system. Retrograde intrarenal surgery will be applied simultaneously by a second surgeon using flexible ureteroscopy. The stones will be fragmented with holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser and stone fragments will be evacuated by basket or removed through PCNL tract under nephroscopy.
Group B (s-ECIRS) procedure
The patients will be in Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia (GMSV) position . Under fluoroscopic guidance, the desired calyces will be punctured using an 18 G coaxial needle. Then 0.038 mm hydrophilic guidewires will be passed percutaneously through the needle into the pelvis. Using metal dilators dilatation will be carried out till 30 Fr. Amplatz sheath will be inserted to allow a 26 Fr nephroscope to enter the collecting system. Retrograde intrarenal surgery will be applied simultaneously by a second surgeon using flexible ureteroscopy. The stones will be fragmented with holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser and stone fragments will be evacuated by basket or removed through PCNL tract under nephroscopy.
Interventions
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Group A (p-PCNL) procedure
In lithotomy position, ureteric catheter will be inserted allowing injection of contrast to obtain a pyelogram. Shifting the patients in prone position will be done. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the desired calyces will be punctured using an 18 G coaxial needle. Then 0.038 mm hydrophilic guidewires will be passed percutaneously through the needle into the pelvis. Using metal dilators dilatation will be carried out. Amplatz sheath will be inserted to allow nephroscope to enter the collecting system. Stone disintegration will be performed using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser lithotripsy. Eventually after removal of all stone fragments, a nephrostomy tube will be placed.
Group B (s-ECIRS) procedure
The patients will be in Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia (GMSV) position . Under fluoroscopic guidance, the desired calyces will be punctured using an 18 G coaxial needle. Then 0.038 mm hydrophilic guidewires will be passed percutaneously through the needle into the pelvis. Using metal dilators dilatation will be carried out till 30 Fr. Amplatz sheath will be inserted to allow a 26 Fr nephroscope to enter the collecting system. Retrograde intrarenal surgery will be applied simultaneously by a second surgeon using flexible ureteroscopy. The stones will be fragmented with holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser and stone fragments will be evacuated by basket or removed through PCNL tract under nephroscopy.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Patients who are diagnosed as complex renal calculi (Guy's Stone Score (GSS) 3 or 4) as detected by Non-contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT).
Exclusion Criteria
* Solitary kidney.
* Coagulation disorders.
* Skeletal deformity.
* Active urinary tract infection.
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Mansoura University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Amr Abdel-Lateif El-Sawy
Lecturer of Urology
Principal Investigators
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Ahmed A El-Nahas
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Mansoura University
Ahmed A Elshal
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Mansoura University
Locations
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Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center
Al Mansurah, Outside U.S./Canada, Egypt
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Other Identifiers
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AS-7-2022
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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