Fitness and Fat Oxidation in Overweight Chinese, Indian and Malay Men

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

45 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-07-01

Study Completion Date

2020-07-31

Brief Summary

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South Asian men have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than white men which is associated with a reduced capacity to oxidise fat during exercise. This is a risk factor for weight gain/regain. Whilst comparisons with Europeans are valuable, Asians are not a homogenous group and substantial differences in obesity and body fat partitioning exist with ethnicity. This cross-sectional pilot investigation aims to compare CRF and fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in Chinese, Indian and Malay men (from Singapore) with elevated BMI (23 -30 kg/m2). Forty-five men (15 each ethnicity) with elevated body mass index (23 -30 kg/m2) will complete testing in a fasted state on two separate mornings separated by ≥72 hours: (i) for a measure of CRF; and (ii) for a measure of fat oxidation at rest and during incremental exercise.

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Detailed Description

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South Asian men have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than white men which is associated with a reduced capacity to oxidise fat during exercise. This is a risk factor for weight gain/regain. Whilst comparisons with Europeans are valuable, Asians are not a homogenous group and substantial differences in obesity and body fat partitioning exist with ethnicity. This cross-sectional pilot investigation aims to compare CRF and fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in Chinese, Indian and Malay men (from Singapore) with elevated BMI (23 -30 kg/m2). Forty-five men (15 each ethnicity) with elevated body mass index (23 -30 kg/m2) will complete testing in a fasted state on two separate mornings separated by ≥72 hours: (i) for a measure of CRF; and (ii) for a measure of fat oxidation at rest and during incremental exercise. A submaximal exercise test will be used to estimate CRF (maximum oxygen uptake, VO2max) during walking using a standard protocol where subjects walk on a treadmill at 5 km/h with regular increments in gradient until individuals reach 80% of their estimated maximum heart rate \[220 - age (years)\]. Perceived exertion will be monitored assessed periodically during the test and expired gases continuously measured via a mouthpiece attached to an automated metabolic cart (Parvomedics MMS-2400; Parvomedics, Sandy, UT). Oxygen consumption will be extrapolated to estimate VO2max based on estimated maximum heart rate. Resting fat oxidation will be determined via a 30 minute measure of expired gases under a ventilated hood attached to an automated metabolic cart. Fat oxidation during exercise will be determined via walking on a treadmill with increments in speed and gradient until the respiratory exchange ratio is ≥ 0.95. Primary outcomes will be compared among groups and adjusted for any covariates (e.g., BMI, body fat percentage) as necessary.

Conditions

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Overweight and Obesity

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_ONLY

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Chinese men

Chinese men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise.

Cardiorespiratory fitness test

Intervention Type OTHER

Progressive submaximal exercise test on a treadmill to predict cardiorespiratory fitness

Resting measure of fat oxidation

Intervention Type OTHER

Use of ventilated hood attached to automated metabolic cart to measure substrate oxidation at rest

Maximum fat oxidation test

Intervention Type OTHER

Progressive exercise test to determine maximum fat oxidation during exercise

Indian men

Indian men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise.

Cardiorespiratory fitness test

Intervention Type OTHER

Progressive submaximal exercise test on a treadmill to predict cardiorespiratory fitness

Resting measure of fat oxidation

Intervention Type OTHER

Use of ventilated hood attached to automated metabolic cart to measure substrate oxidation at rest

Maximum fat oxidation test

Intervention Type OTHER

Progressive exercise test to determine maximum fat oxidation during exercise

Malay men

Malay men based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents), age 25 - \<45 years, who are physically inactive (\< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week), with elevated body mass index (\>23-\<30 kg/m2) for Asians. Single measure of CRF, resting fat oxidation and fat oxidation during graded exercise.

Cardiorespiratory fitness test

Intervention Type OTHER

Progressive submaximal exercise test on a treadmill to predict cardiorespiratory fitness

Resting measure of fat oxidation

Intervention Type OTHER

Use of ventilated hood attached to automated metabolic cart to measure substrate oxidation at rest

Maximum fat oxidation test

Intervention Type OTHER

Progressive exercise test to determine maximum fat oxidation during exercise

Interventions

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Cardiorespiratory fitness test

Progressive submaximal exercise test on a treadmill to predict cardiorespiratory fitness

Intervention Type OTHER

Resting measure of fat oxidation

Use of ventilated hood attached to automated metabolic cart to measure substrate oxidation at rest

Intervention Type OTHER

Maximum fat oxidation test

Progressive exercise test to determine maximum fat oxidation during exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Graded exercise test, submaximal oxygen uptake test Resting energy expenditure, resting substrate oxidation test

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* male
* age 25 - \<45 years
* Chinese, Indian or Malay based on self-identity for three generations (parents and grandparents)
* BMI ≥ 23 - \< 30 kg/m2 and/or waist circumference ≥ 90 cm
* physically inactive defined as \< 150 minutes moderate or \< 75 minutes vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week, or the equivalent combination of both

Exclusion Criteria

* females
* personal history of cardio-metabolic diseases
* dieting (i.e. restricting food/energy intake)
* smokers
* consuming alcohol \> 3 times per week with \> 3 drinks per time
* using any medications which affect carbohydrate or lipid metabolism
* any lower body injuries
* fasting blood glucose \> 6.1 mmol/L

Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes