A Phase III Study to Investigate if the Study Drug Diamyd Can Preserve Insulin Production and Improve Glycemic Control in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT05018585

Last Updated: 2026-01-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

330 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-05-19

Study Completion Date

2027-12-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The objective of DIAGNODE-3 is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three intranodal injections of 4 μg of Diamyd compared to placebo, along with oral Vitamin D supplementation, to preserve endogenous beta cell function and influence glycemic parameters in adolescent and adults recently diagnosed with T1D carrying the HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

The study is a 2-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients will have the HLA genotyping performed at the first Screening visit (Visit 1A). If the results indicate the patient is carrying the HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype, then the patient will attend the second Screening visit (Visit 1B) to perform the remaining screening procedures. Eligible patients will receive injections of Diamyd/placebo into an inguinal lymph gland at three occasions, with one month intervals along with oral Vitamin D supplementation. All patients will continue to receive intensive insulin treatment from their personal physicians during the whole study period. Patients will be followed in a blinded manner for a total of 24 months.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study is a 2-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Diamyd

Patients will be assigned to receive i) three (3) intralymphatic injections with 4µg Diamyd (rhGAD) on Days 0, 30, and 60 and; ii) oral vitamin D 2000 IU/daily for 4 months (from Day -30 through Day 90)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel®

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel®

Colecalciferol 2000 IU

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU (equivalent to 50 microgram vitamin D3).

Placebo

Patients will be assigned to receive i) three (3) intralymphatic injections of Placebo for Diamyd (rhGAD) on Days 0, 30, and 60 and; ii) oral vitamin D 2000 IU/daily for 4 months (from Day -30 through Day 90)

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Colecalciferol 2000 IU

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU (equivalent to 50 microgram vitamin D3).

Placebo

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Placebo for Diamyd, Alhydrogel® only

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel®

Recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase (rhGAD65) formulated in Alhydrogel®

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Colecalciferol 2000 IU

Colecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU (equivalent to 50 microgram vitamin D3).

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Placebo

Placebo for Diamyd, Alhydrogel® only

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Diamyd Divisun 2000 IU

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

Patients are eligible to be included in this study only if all of the following criteria apply:

1. Must be capable of providing written, signed, and dated informed consent; and for patients who are minors, age-appropriate assent (performed according to local regulations) and parent/caregiver consent.
2. Males and females aged ≥12 and \<29 years old at the time of Screening.
3. Diagnosed with T1D (according to the American Diabetes Association \[ADA\] classification) ≤6 months at the time of Screening (V1A).
4. Possess the HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype (all patients will be tested; prior genetic testing results will not be accepted).
5. Fasting C-peptide ≥0.12 nmol/L (≥0.36 ng/mL) on at least one occasion prior to randomization.

(US ONLY): Fasting C-peptide ≥0.12 - ≤1.5 nmol/L (≥0.36 - ≤4.5 ng/mL) on at least one occasion prior to randomization.
6. Possess detectable circulating GAD65 antibodies (lowest level of detection defined by the method used by the central laboratory).
7. Possess HbA1c levels between 35 to 80 mmol/mol (5.4 to 9.5%) on at least one occasion prior to randomization.
8. Be on a stable basal insulin dose for one month prior to inclusion with limited fluctuation of daily basal insulin requirement based on investigator's assessment. For example, if the average basal insulin dose/kg/24h over a 7-day period compared to the previous 7-day period does not vary more than approximately 20% and/or if the daily basal insulin dose does not vary more than 0.1 U/kg/24h, the dose can be considered stable. Individuals that are diagnosed with T1D according to the ADA classification but are not taking insulin are eligible to participate.
9. i. Females of childbearing potential (FOCBP) must agree to avoid pregnancy and have a negative pregnancy test performed at the required study visits.

FOCBP must agree to use highly effective contraception, during treatment and, until 90 days after the last administration of study medication. Birth control methods, which may be considered as highly effective (e.g., a failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly) include:

* Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:

* Oral.
* Intravaginal.
* Transdermal.
* Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:

* Oral.
* Injectable.
* Implantable.
* Intrauterine device.
* Intrauterine hormone-releasing system.
* Bilateral tubal occlusion.
* Vasectomized partner (vasectomized partner is a highly effective birth control method provided that partner is the sole sexual partner of the FOCBP trial patient and that the vasectomized partner has received medical assessment of the surgical success).
* Sexual abstinence (sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the study drugs. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient).

9\. ii. Male patients must agree to remain abstinent from heterosexual sex during treatment and for 90 days after treatment or, if sexually active, to use two effective methods of birth control (e.g., male uses a condom and female uses contraception) during and for 90 days after treatment. Acceptable male contraception is as follows:
* Condom (male).
* Abstinence from heterosexual intercourse.
* Vasectomy. The agreement to remain abstinent or use two effective methods of birth control will be clearly defined in the informed consent; the patient or legally authorized representatives (e.g., parents, caregivers, or legal guardians) must sign this specific section.

Exclusion Criteria

Patients are not eligible to be included in this study if any of the following criteria apply:

1. Participation in any other trial aimed to influence beta cell function from time of diagnosis of T1D.
2. Treatment with any oral or non-insulin injectable anti-diabetic medication or other substance used with the intention to preserve beta cell function (e.g., Verapamil, GABA etc.) within 3 months prior to Randomization.
3. History of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
4. Pancreatic surgery, chronic pancreatitis, or other pancreatic disorders that could result in decreased beta cell capacity (e.g., pancreatogenous diabetes).
5. Occurrence of DKA or severe hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization in the period of 90 days prior to Randomization (Visit 2).
6. Signs or symptoms suggesting very poorly controlled diabetes e.g., ongoing weight loss, polyuria or polydipsia.
7. Hematologic condition that would make HbA1c uninterpretable including:

1. Hemoglobinopathy, with the exception of sickle cell trait or thalassemia minor; or chronic or recurrent hemolysis.
2. Donation of blood or blood products to a blood bank, blood transfusion or participation in a clinical study requiring withdrawal of \>400 mL of blood during the 8 weeks prior to the Screening visit.
3. Significant iron deficiency anemia.
4. Heart malformations or vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) leading to increased turnover of erythrocytes.
8. (US ONLY) Clinically significant abnormal hematology results at the time of Screening, specifically any of the following: white blood cells: \< 3.5 x 109/L or \>15 x 109/L; platelets: \<124 x 109/ L hemoglobin: \<10.5 g/dL
9. Treatment with marketed or over-the-counter Vitamin D at the time of Screening (V1C) and unwilling to abstain from such medication during the 120 days when the patient will be supplemented with the trial-provided Vitamin D. A patient currently taking Vitamin D at the time of Screening (V1C) must be willing to switch to the trial-provided Vitamin D treatment and to administer it per the trial requirements.
10. (US ONLY) History of hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia and/or nephrolithiasis, unless appropriately treated, or any other contraindication to use of Vitamin D.
11. Any clinically significant history of an acute reaction to a vaccine or its constituents (e.g., Alhydrogel).
12. Treatment with any (live or inactive) vaccine, including influenza vaccine and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, within 4 weeks prior to planned first trial dose of trial drug; or planned treatment with any vaccine up to 4 weeks after the last injection with trial drug.
13. Any acute or chronic skin infection or condition that would preclude intralymphatic injection.
14. Recent (past 12 months) or current treatment with Teplizumab (TZIELD®) or with immunosuppressant therapy, including chronic use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy. Inhaled, topical, and intranasal steroid use is acceptable. Short courses (e.g., ≤5 days) of oral, intra-articular injections or injections of steroids will be permitted during the trial.
15. Continuous/chronic treatment with prescribed or over-the-counter anti-inflammatory therapies. Short-term use (e.g., \<7 days) is permissible, for example to treat a headache or in connection with a fever.
16. Known or suspected acute infection, including COVID-19 or influenza, at the time of Randomization or within 4 weeks prior to Randomization.
17. A history of epilepsy, head trauma or cerebrovascular accident, or clinical features of continuous motor unit activity in proximal muscles.
18. Known diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. Patients with previous hepatitis C infection that is now cured may be eligible.
19. Any clinically significant concomitant medical condition, including but not limited to other autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, immune, renal including a history of renal transplantation, neurological (including Batten disease), significant diabetes complication, any underlying conditions or receiving treatments that could affect red blood cell turnover or other diseases that in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with trial participation or procedures. Celiac disease or elevated transglutaminase antibody titers is not a reason for exclusion.

(US ONLY) Any clinically significant concomitant medical condition, including but not limited to other autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, moderate-to-severe psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune conditions that may require treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors or other biologics), gastrointestinal, hematological, or renal diseases including a history of any organ transplant (including renal transplantation and islet transplantation), neurological disease (including Batten disease); significant diabetes complication; a history of adrenal insufficiency; any underlying conditions or receiving treatments that could affect red blood cell turnover or other diseases that interfere with trial participation or procedures. Celiac disease or elevated transglutaminase antibody titers is not a reason for exclusion, as well as autoimmune thyroid disease under certain conditions (see Exclusion Criterion #23).
20. (US ONLY) Significant cardiovascular disease (including inadequately controlled hypertension \[resting blood pressure \>140/90 mmHg despite treatment\], history of myocardial infarction, angina, use of anti-anginal medicines \[e.g., nitroglycerin\], or abnormal cardiac stress test.
21. History of significant hepatic disease or Screening alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 3 x ULN and/or total bilirubin \>2 x ULN. Patients with documented Gilbert syndrome and total bilirubin level ≥2 x ULN due to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, without other hepatic impairment, are permitted.
22. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-Epi) for those \>18 years, or by the Schwartz equation for those 12 to 18 years old, \<60 mL/min per 1.73 m or rapidly progressing renal disease.
23. Patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism must be on stable treatment for at least 3 months prior to Randomization (with normal free thyroxine \[T4\] levels if hypothyroid).

(US ONLY) Patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism must be on stable treatment for at least 3 months prior to Randomization (with normal free thyroxine \[T4\] levels if hypothyroid). A thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level \> 1.5 times the ULN at Screening (V1B) is an exclusion criterion.
24. Any clinically significant abnormal findings during Screening, and any other medical condition(s) or laboratory findings that, in the opinion of the investigator, might jeopardize the patient's safety or ability to complete the trial.

(US ONLY) Any clinically significant abnormal findings during Screening, and any other medical condition(s) or laboratory findings that, in the opinion of the investigator, might jeopardize the patient's safety or ability to complete the trial. This includes anticipated major surgery during the duration of the trial, which could interfere with participation in the trial.
25. History of malignancy not in remission within the last 5 years other than adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ.
26. Patients with any mental condition rendering him/her unable to understand the nature, scope and possible consequences of the trial, and/or evidence of poor compliance with medical instructions at Screening or showing non-compliance during the Run-In Period.
27. A history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence within the past 12 months based on DSM IV criteria.
28. Previous treatment with the active substance recombinant human GAD65.
29. Participation in a clinical trial involving administration of an investigational drug in the past 3 months or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to first dosing of trial drug or during the trial.
30. Females who are breastfeeding, pregnant or plan to become pregnant during the trial.
31. Patients who in the opinion of the investigator will not be able to follow instructions and/or follow the trial procedures or patients that are unwilling or unable to comply with the provisions of this protocol.
32. An employee or immediate family member of an employee of Diamyd Medical AB.
33. (US ONLY)For subjects aged 18 years and older, a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 or ≤18.5 kg/m2; for subjects aged under 18 years BMI ≥95th percentile or ≤5th percentile for age and sex according to the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention at V1B. (For subjects aged 18 years and older with a BMI ≥25 to ≤30 kg/m2, and for subjects aged under 18 years with a BMI ≥85th to ≤95th percentile, re-confirmation of Type 1 Diabetes diagnoses by an external, independent endocrinologist is required prior to randomization.)
Minimum Eligible Age

12 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

28 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Diamyd Medical AB

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Johnny Ludvigsson, Professor

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Linköping University

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center at Hoag Hospital

Newport Beach, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford University School of Medicine Center for Academic Medicine

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

UCSD/ Rady Children's Hospital

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Diabetes Research Institute (DRI)-University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM)

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

Rocky Mountain Diabetes and Osteoporosis Center

Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States

Site Status

University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Joslin Diabetes Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Washington University Diabetes Center at Barnes Jewish Hospital

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Hassenfeld Children&#39;s Hospital at NYU Langone Health, Pediatric Diabetes Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Amarillo Medical Specialists

Amarillo, Texas, United States

Site Status

Diabetes &amp; Glandular Disease Clinic

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status

Nemocnice Jihlava, příspěvková organizace

Jihlava, , Czechia

Site Status

Institut klinické a experimentální medicíny

Prague, , Czechia

Site Status

Fakultní nemocnice v Motole

Prague, , Czechia

Site Status

Krajská zdravotní, a.s. - Masarykova nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem, o.z.

Ústí nad Labem, , Czechia

Site Status

Liina Viitas OÜ

Pärnu, , Estonia

Site Status

North-Estonian Regional Hospital

Tallinn, , Estonia

Site Status

Tartu University Hospital

Tartu, , Estonia

Site Status

Tartu University Hospital, Children's Clinic

Tartu, , Estonia

Site Status

Diabetespraxis Dr. Braun

Berlin, , Germany

Site Status

Diabetologische Schwerpunktpraxis Dres. Klaus

Dortmund, , Germany

Site Status

DZDM - Diabeteszentrum Duisburg Mitte

Duisburg, , Germany

Site Status

Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Giessen, , Germany

Site Status

Óbudai Egészségügyi Centrum

Budapest, , Hungary

Site Status

Heim Pál Országos Gyermekgyógyászati Intézet, Diabetológia

Budapest, , Hungary

Site Status

Észak-Budai Szent János Centrumkórház, Kútvölgyi Kórház, Belgyógyászat

Budapest, , Hungary

Site Status

Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Kórházak és Egyetemi, Oktatókórház, Jósa András Oktatókórház, Gyermekosztály

Nyíregyháza, , Hungary

Site Status

Markusovszky Egyetemi Oktatókórház, Diabetológiai Szakrendelés

Szombathely, , Hungary

Site Status

CTU Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Locatie Academic Medical Center (AMC)

Amsterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status

Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis

Dordrecht, , Netherlands

Site Status

Bethesda Diabetes Research Center te Hoogeveen

Hoogeveen, , Netherlands

Site Status

Dept. of Nephrology / Dept. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)

Leiden, , Netherlands

Site Status

Vivendia

Nijmegen, , Netherlands

Site Status

Diabeter Nederland te Rotterdam

Rotterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status

Uniwersytecki Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny im. L. Zamenhofa w Białymstoku, Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii z Pododdziałem Kardiologii

Bialystok, , Poland

Site Status

Uniwersyteckie Centrum Kliniczne, Klinika Pediatrii, Diabetologii i Endokrynologii

Gdansk, , Poland

Site Status

SP ZOZ Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, Oddział Kliniczny Chorób Metabolicznych i Diabetologii

Krakow, , Poland

Site Status

NZOZ Przychodnia Specjalistyczna Medica

Lublin, , Poland

Site Status

Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki nr 2 im. Św. Jadwigi Królowej w Rzeszowie, II Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii Dziecięcej

Rzeszów, , Poland

Site Status

Instytut Diabetologii Sp. z o.o

Warsaw, , Poland

Site Status

Panstwowy Instytut Medyczny MSWiA Klinika Chorob Wewnetrznych, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii

Warsaw, , Poland

Site Status

Instytut Pomnik - Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka (IPCZD) Oddział Diabetologii

Warsaw, , Poland

Site Status

Hospital De Cruces

Barakaldo, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Clínic de Barcelona

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu - Esplugues De Llobregat, Barcelona

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta

Girona, , Spain

Site Status

Complejo Hospitalario Insular de Gran Canaria

Las Palmas, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitario La Paz

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga

Málaga, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena

Seville, , Spain

Site Status

Hospital General Universitario de Valencia

Valencia, , Spain

Site Status

Skånes universitetssjukhus

Malmo, Skåne County, Sweden

Site Status

Akademiskt Specialistcentrum, Centrum for Diabetes

Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden

Site Status

Barn-och Ungdomscentrum Västerbotten, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus

Umeå, Västerbotten County, Sweden

Site Status

H.K.H Kronprinsessan Victorias Barn-och Ungdomssjukhus, Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping

Linköping, Östergötland County, Sweden

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States Czechia Estonia Germany Hungary Netherlands Poland Spain Sweden

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Ludvigsson J, Eriksson L, Nowak C, Teixeira PF, Widman M, Lindqvist A, Casas R, Lind M, Hannelius U. Phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhGAD65 to preserve endogenous beta cell function in adolescents and adults with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes, carrying the genetic HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotype: the DIAGNODE-3 study protocol. BMJ Open. 2022 Oct 31;12(10):e061776. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061776.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36316084 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2024-513304-33-00

Identifier Type: CTIS

Identifier Source: secondary_id

DIAGNODE-3 (D/P3/21/7)

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Diabetes Prevention - Immune Tolerance
NCT01122446 COMPLETED PHASE2
Diabetes Islet Preservation Immune Treatment
NCT02586831 WITHDRAWN PHASE1/PHASE2
Proleukin and Rapamune in Type 1 Diabetes
NCT00525889 COMPLETED PHASE1
Denosumab for Type 1 Diabetes
NCT06524960 RECRUITING PHASE1/PHASE2