The Influence of Smoking in Periodontitis Patients, Before and After Nonsurgical Treatment

NCT ID: NCT04974502

Last Updated: 2021-07-23

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 40 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-06-30
• Study Completion Date: 2019-03-31

Brief Summary

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the oral neutrophil numbers (ONN) in saliva, the level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the periodontal parameters in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis, before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).

Materials and method: 40 periodontitis patients including 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were enrolled in this study. All patients were received the NSPT included instructing oral hygiene, scaling and root planning. Clinical parameters (plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL)), ONN and GCF MMP-8 level were assessed before (baseline) and after NSPT 1 month and 3 months.

Detailed Description

After periodontal examination and medical history evaluation, all patients received oral hygiene instructions. The modified-Bass tooth brushing technique, as well as the use of dental floss and interproximal brushes (if needed) were showed to the patients. They were educated to brush their teeth at least twice a day. All patients were given a dentifrice and toothbrush. Patient motivation to quit smoking was also provided.

At the first visit, supragingival scaling with ultrasonic scalers (Cavitron Jet Plus (Densply Sirona, Mississauga, Canada) were provided to all patients. Occlusion adjustments were also performed in the case of indications.

After one week, the baseline (T0) parameters were recorded. The following samples were collected: (1) saliva, (2) gingival cervical fluid (GCF), and (3) clinical periodontal parameters. A doctor who collected the samples was blinded about the smoking status.

Subsequently, scaling and root planning (SRP) by ultrasonic scalers (Cavitron Jet Plus (Densply Sirona, Mississauga, Canada) and Gracey curettes (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, USA), under local anesthesia, were performed by a periodontist, who was also blinded about the smoking status. The number of SRP visits was determined by patient disease conditions.

Following the completion of NSPT, all subjects were recalled after one month and three months for re-evaluation. The collection of (1) saliva, (2) gingival cervical fluid (GCF), and (3) clinical periodontal parameters were performed. Based on the patients' periodontal status, supragingival scaling and polishing were given.

Conditions

Periodontitis

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Non-smoker group

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Nonsurgical periodontal treatment

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planning.

Smoker group

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Nonsurgical periodontal treatment

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planning.

Interventions

Nonsurgical periodontal treatment

Oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planning.

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Male patients
• Aged from 30 to 60 years old
• Systemically healthy
• Having at least 20 teeth
• Diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontitis according to american academy of periodontology 2015: gingival bleeding at examination, ≥5mm periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bone resorption on x-ray film ≥16% or >3mm root length
• Having at least two sites at anterior teeth with PPD from 5 to 7 mm
• For group 1, subjects who never smoke
• For group 2, subjects who had smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day for at least the past 10 years

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients with acute or chronic medical disorders
• Patients under any medication for the past 3 months
• Patients who had undergone periodontal therapy in the last 12 months
• Patients with oral lesions such as ulcers, aphthous ulcers, glossitis or multi tooth decays

• Minimum Eligible Age: 30 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Nguyen Thu Thuy

Associate Dean of Faculty of Odonto-stomatology

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

References

Al-Ghamdi HS, Anil S. Serum antibody levels in smoker and non-smoker saudi subjects with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2007 Jun;78(6):1043-50. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060431.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 17539718 (View on PubMed)

Akbari G, Prabhuji ML, Karthikeyan BV, Raghunatha K, Narayanan R. Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and whole mouth fluid among smokers and nonsmokers using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and a novel chair-side test. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015 Sep-Oct;19(5):525-30. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.162201.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 26644719 (View on PubMed)

Do HT, Nguyen TT, Vo TL, Huynh NC, Nguyen ATK. The influence of smoking on oral neutrophils and matrix metalloproteinase-8 in periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical treatment. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023 May-Jun;13(3):442-447. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.004. Epub 2023 May 8.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 37215391 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

92/DHYD-HDDD

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id