Effects of Smoking on Clinical and Microbiological Response in Individuals With Periodontitis

NCT ID: NCT06383455

Last Updated: 2024-04-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

48 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-09-15

Study Completion Date

2019-03-01

Brief Summary

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This study aimed to compare the distribution of subgingival periodontal pathogens following non-surgical periodontal therapy in smoking and non-smoking people with periodontitis. The main question it aims to answer is:

\- Does smoking affect the results of non-surgical periodontal treatment on subgingival flora in participants with periodontal disease?

Researchers performed non-surgical periodontal therapy on 48 participants with stage III/IV periodontitis and recorded clinical measurements. They obtained subgingival plaque samples from periodontal pockets at the onset and after four weeks of treatment, determining the level of periodontopathogens using a polymerase chain reaction-based method.

Detailed Description

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The present study aims to compare the changes in clinical parameters and subgingival periodontopathogen rates (P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, T. denticola, P. micra, C. rectus, E. nodatum, Capnocytophaga spp, and E. corrodens) following full-mouth scaling and root planing procedures in participants with and without smoking habits.

Conditions

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Periodontitis Smoking Habit Subgingival Plaque

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Smoking individuals with periodontitis

The participants were divided into two groups according to self-reported smoking habits. The smoker group consisted of individuals with stage 3/4 periodontitis who smoked at least ten cigarettes per day for at least five years.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

An ultrasonic device (Cavitron Plus, Dentsply®, Duisburg, Germany) and periodontal hand instruments (periodontal curettes; Chicago, IL) were used for non-surgical periodontal treatment. The treatment procedure also included detailed oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth scaling and root planing. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to all four quadrants under local anesthesia in a single appointment. No medication or mouthwash was prescribed to the patients.

Non-smoking individuals with periodontitis

The non-smoker group consisted of individuals with Stage 3/4 periodontitis who had never smoked in a lifetime or had quit smoking at least two years ago.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

An ultrasonic device (Cavitron Plus, Dentsply®, Duisburg, Germany) and periodontal hand instruments (periodontal curettes; Chicago, IL) were used for non-surgical periodontal treatment. The treatment procedure also included detailed oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth scaling and root planing. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to all four quadrants under local anesthesia in a single appointment. No medication or mouthwash was prescribed to the patients.

Interventions

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Non-surgical periodontal therapy

An ultrasonic device (Cavitron Plus, Dentsply®, Duisburg, Germany) and periodontal hand instruments (periodontal curettes; Chicago, IL) were used for non-surgical periodontal treatment. The treatment procedure also included detailed oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth scaling and root planing. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to all four quadrants under local anesthesia in a single appointment. No medication or mouthwash was prescribed to the patients.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Having 15 or more permanent teeth (except third molars and teeth with endodontic lesions),
* Having been diagnosed with generalized Stage III or IV periodontitis that progresses with periodontal support tissue loss in more than 30% of the teeth,
* Having at least five teeth with probing depth(PD) ≥6mm, clinical attachment level(CAL) ≥5mm, and radiographic bone loss that extends to at least the middle of the root,
* Having at least one tooth that meets the same PD and CAL criteria per quadrant.

Exclusion Criteria

* Pregnancy or lactation,
* Any systemic disease with a potential influence on the immune response (diabetes mellitus, bone metabolic diseases, immunosuppressive therapy, radiation etc.),
* Existence of decay, restoration, or prosthesis on the sampling site,
* Use of the anti-inflammatory drug and antibiotic within the last 3 months.
Minimum Eligible Age

35 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Trakya University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Ece AÇIKGÖZ ALPARSLAN

Assisstant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Ece Açıkgöz-Alparslan

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Trakya University

Locations

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Trakya University

Edirne, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Kubota M, Tanno-Nakanishi M, Yamada S, Okuda K, Ishihara K. Effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in Japan. BMC Oral Health. 2011 Jan 5;11:1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-11-1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21208407 (View on PubMed)

Van der Velden U, Varoufaki A, Hutter JW, Xu L, Timmerman MF, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Loos BG. Effect of smoking and periodontal treatment on the subgingival microflora. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Jul;30(7):603-10. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00080.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12834497 (View on PubMed)

Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2005;37:124-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.03793.x. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15655029 (View on PubMed)

Grossi SG, Zambon J, Machtei EE, Schifferle R, Andreana S, Genco RJ, Cummins D, Harrap G. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on healing after mechanical periodontal therapy. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997 May;128(5):599-607. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0259.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9150643 (View on PubMed)

Darby IB, Hodge PJ, Riggio MP, Kinane DF. Clinical and microbiological effect of scaling and root planing in smoker and non-smoker chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol. 2005 Feb;32(2):200-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00644.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15691352 (View on PubMed)

Haffajee AD, Yaskell T, Torresyap G, Teles R, Socransky SS. Comparison between polymerase chain reaction-based and checkerboard DNA hybridization techniques for microbial assessment of subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Aug;36(8):642-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01434.x. Epub 2009 Jun 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19563330 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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Observational

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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