Effects of Smoking on Clinical and Microbiological Response in Individuals With Periodontitis
NCT ID: NCT06383455
Last Updated: 2024-04-25
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
48 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2018-09-15
2019-03-01
Brief Summary
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\- Does smoking affect the results of non-surgical periodontal treatment on subgingival flora in participants with periodontal disease?
Researchers performed non-surgical periodontal therapy on 48 participants with stage III/IV periodontitis and recorded clinical measurements. They obtained subgingival plaque samples from periodontal pockets at the onset and after four weeks of treatment, determining the level of periodontopathogens using a polymerase chain reaction-based method.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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CASE_CONTROL
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Smoking individuals with periodontitis
The participants were divided into two groups according to self-reported smoking habits. The smoker group consisted of individuals with stage 3/4 periodontitis who smoked at least ten cigarettes per day for at least five years.
Non-surgical periodontal therapy
An ultrasonic device (Cavitron Plus, Dentsply®, Duisburg, Germany) and periodontal hand instruments (periodontal curettes; Chicago, IL) were used for non-surgical periodontal treatment. The treatment procedure also included detailed oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth scaling and root planing. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to all four quadrants under local anesthesia in a single appointment. No medication or mouthwash was prescribed to the patients.
Non-smoking individuals with periodontitis
The non-smoker group consisted of individuals with Stage 3/4 periodontitis who had never smoked in a lifetime or had quit smoking at least two years ago.
Non-surgical periodontal therapy
An ultrasonic device (Cavitron Plus, Dentsply®, Duisburg, Germany) and periodontal hand instruments (periodontal curettes; Chicago, IL) were used for non-surgical periodontal treatment. The treatment procedure also included detailed oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth scaling and root planing. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to all four quadrants under local anesthesia in a single appointment. No medication or mouthwash was prescribed to the patients.
Interventions
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Non-surgical periodontal therapy
An ultrasonic device (Cavitron Plus, Dentsply®, Duisburg, Germany) and periodontal hand instruments (periodontal curettes; Chicago, IL) were used for non-surgical periodontal treatment. The treatment procedure also included detailed oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth scaling and root planing. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to all four quadrants under local anesthesia in a single appointment. No medication or mouthwash was prescribed to the patients.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Having been diagnosed with generalized Stage III or IV periodontitis that progresses with periodontal support tissue loss in more than 30% of the teeth,
* Having at least five teeth with probing depth(PD) ≥6mm, clinical attachment level(CAL) ≥5mm, and radiographic bone loss that extends to at least the middle of the root,
* Having at least one tooth that meets the same PD and CAL criteria per quadrant.
Exclusion Criteria
* Any systemic disease with a potential influence on the immune response (diabetes mellitus, bone metabolic diseases, immunosuppressive therapy, radiation etc.),
* Existence of decay, restoration, or prosthesis on the sampling site,
* Use of the anti-inflammatory drug and antibiotic within the last 3 months.
35 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Trakya University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Ece AÇIKGÖZ ALPARSLAN
Assisstant Professor
Principal Investigators
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Ece Açıkgöz-Alparslan
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Trakya University
Locations
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Trakya University
Edirne, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Kubota M, Tanno-Nakanishi M, Yamada S, Okuda K, Ishihara K. Effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in Japan. BMC Oral Health. 2011 Jan 5;11:1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-11-1.
Van der Velden U, Varoufaki A, Hutter JW, Xu L, Timmerman MF, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Loos BG. Effect of smoking and periodontal treatment on the subgingival microflora. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Jul;30(7):603-10. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00080.x.
Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2005;37:124-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.03793.x. No abstract available.
Grossi SG, Zambon J, Machtei EE, Schifferle R, Andreana S, Genco RJ, Cummins D, Harrap G. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on healing after mechanical periodontal therapy. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997 May;128(5):599-607. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0259.
Darby IB, Hodge PJ, Riggio MP, Kinane DF. Clinical and microbiological effect of scaling and root planing in smoker and non-smoker chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol. 2005 Feb;32(2):200-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00644.x.
Haffajee AD, Yaskell T, Torresyap G, Teles R, Socransky SS. Comparison between polymerase chain reaction-based and checkerboard DNA hybridization techniques for microbial assessment of subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Aug;36(8):642-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01434.x. Epub 2009 Jun 26.
Other Identifiers
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Observational
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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