Apoptotic Changes in Gingiva Caused by Smoking

NCT ID: NCT03631498

Last Updated: 2018-08-16

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2017-01-10
• Study Completion Date: 2018-04-10

Brief Summary

Smoking is a major environmental risk factor associated with common forms of human chronic periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate apoptotic tissue alterations and tissue destruction in smoker and non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients and healthy individuals. The investigators of the study suggest that smoking decrease tissue quality and increase inflammation level in gingival tissues in both healthy individuals and periodontitis patients. One possible mechanism for this is suggested to be increased apoptosis.

Detailed Description

Periodontal disease disrupts soft tissue metabolism in the gingiva through a decrease in the production of collagen, the quality, and quantity of the connective tissue. The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis are mostly revealed, however, the mechanism of environmental factors such as smoking yet to be clarified. Major consequences of smoking in gingival tissues are suggested to be the reduction in neutrophil and fibroblast function, decreased immunoglobulin G production, increased periodontal pathogen bacteria prevalence, difficulty in eliminating pathogens with mechanical therapy, and reduction in growth factor production. In the present study, markers of tissue destruction, matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, hypoxia markers, vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor and apoptotic markers, bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated.

Conditions

Smoking; Chronic Periodontitis

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_CONTROL
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

Healthy individuals

Gingival biopsies of healthy individuals who were never-smokers and had no systemic or oral disease or condition.

No interventions assigned to this group

periodontitis patients

Gingival biopsies of periodontitis patients who were never-smokers and had no systemic disease or condition.

No interventions assigned to this group

Healthy smokers

Gingival biopsies of healthy individuals who were smokers but no systemic or oral disease or condition.

No interventions assigned to this group

Smokers with periodontitis

Gingival biopsies of periodontitis patients who were smokers but no systemic disease or condition.

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age range from 30 to 45,
• the existence of at least 20 functioning teeth,
• systemical health,
• no antibiotic use within 6 months,
• no periodontal therapy within 6 months,
• no pregnancy or lactation,
• no drug use, in addition; for the smokers existence of the smoking condition for at least five years.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients younger than 30 older than 50 years old,
• the absence of occlusion,
• drug use,
• pregnancy/lactation,
• previous antibiotic use,
• previous periodontal therapy,
• the existence of any systemical disease.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 30 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Hatice Balci Yuce

Principal investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

HATİCE BALCI YÜCE, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Gaziosmanpasa University

Locations

Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry

Tokat Province, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

Ozkan

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id