Impact of Sweeteners on Behaviour, Physiology & Health

NCT ID: NCT04633681

Last Updated: 2024-08-12

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

175 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-04-01

Study Completion Date

2023-11-20

Brief Summary

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This study aims to evaluate the acute (1-day) and repeated (2-week) effects of combinations of Sweeteners \& Sweetness Enhancer blends on metabolic, sensory, neuro-behavioural and microbiota-mediated processes involved in satiety, consumer preferences and health.

Detailed Description

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This protocol has the overall objective to evaluate the acute (short-term, 1 day) and repeated (medium-term, 2 week) effects of combinations of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S\&SEs) on metabolic, sensory, neuro-behavioural and microbiota-mediated processes involved in satiety, consumer preference and health, and to explore mechanistic processes, genetic background, safety issues and consumer perspectives.

There are 5 products being tested in 3 different formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs 2 reformulated with S\&SE). Each product will be tested at 2 intervention sites in double-blind cross-over trials with 48 subjects (24 per site) tested per product. Therefore a total of 240 subjects will take part across the 5 intervention sites (Navarra, Leeds, Liverpool, Copenhagen, Lyon).

Using identical procedures each trial will consist of 2 Clinical Investigation Days (CIDs) scheduled 12 days apart for each of the 3 product formulations. A 2-week wash-out period will be given between formulations.

The total duration of WP2 Phase 2 is 12 months, including a 5-month duration for each cross-over trial.

Conditions

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Eating Behavior

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Double-blind, within-subjects, cross-over trial
Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators
Double blind study. Neither the participant nor the investigator will be aware of the coding of food products used in the study.

Study Groups

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Cake matrix

3 phases of 2-week daily consumption of cake product containing 1) sucrose, 2) Neotame 1, 3) Stevia Reb M. Randomised cross-over with 2-week wash-out between phases.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Biscuit matrix

3 phases of 2-week daily consumption of biscuit product containing 1) sucrose, 2) Neotame 1, 3) Stevia Reb M. Randomised cross-over with 2-week wash-out between phases.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Yoghurt matrix

3 phases of 2-week daily consumption of yoghurt product containing 1) sucrose, 2) sweetener blend 1, 3) sweetener blend 2. Randomised cross-over with 2-week wash-out between phases.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Chocolate matrix

3 phases of 2-week daily consumption of chocolate product containing 1) sucrose, 2) sweetener blend 1, 3) sweetener blend 2. Randomised cross-over with 2-week wash-out between phases.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Cereal matrix

3 phases of 2-week daily consumption of cereal product containing 1) sucrose, 2) sweetener blend 1, 3) sweetener blend 2. Randomised cross-over with 2-week wash-out between phases.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Universal Eating Monitor study

A sub-group of the yoghurt matrix will be selected for assessment of eating rate and microstructure of feeding using Universal Eating Monitors.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

fMRI study

A sub-group of the chocolate matrix will be selected for assessment of neural activation to images of food using fMRI.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Interventions

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Sweetener and sweetness enhancer consumption

Two-week consumption of combinations of different sweetener and sweetness enhancer blends in reformulated food products compared to sucrose containing product.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* BMI: 25 to 35 kg/m2
* Use of contraceptive methods or not planning to become pregnant for the duration of the study (women only)
* Regular consumption of sugar-containing foods and willing to consume sugar and artificially-sweetened food products.
* Liking of the intervention foods defined by a response of Yes for the product during the pre-screening interview and a score of 40% or above on the Liking Visual Analogue Scale for the sucrose-sweetened control product.
* Able to participate on the Clinical Investigation Days during normal working hours.
* Healthy as determined from the self-reported medical history or when a clinical condition exists, when this is considered to be irrelevant (i.e. not influencing study outcomes) for the study by the study medical doctor.
* Consuming breakfast regularly (at least 5 days per week).
* Able to understand and be willing to sign the informed consent form, and to follow all the study procedures and requirements.
* Capacity to store at-home intervention quantity of intervention product

Exclusion Criteria

* Blood donation \< 3 month prior to study or for full duration of the study.
* Food allergy, intolerance, restriction or avoidance of any of the study foods (e.g. veganism) or history of anaphylactic reaction to any food.
* Likelihood for disordered eating defined as a score ≥20 on the Eating Attitudes Test.
* Currently dieting to lose weight.
* Having lost or gained \>4.5 kg in the last 3 months.
* Smoking or having quit \<3 months prior to study.
* Habitually consuming \>14 units/week of alcohol in women or \>21 units/week in men in the last 3 months.
* Performing \>10 h of intense physical activity per week in the last 3 months.
* Night or late shift work (ending later than 11 pm on a permanent basis). Rotational shift work allowed if can attend on days that do not follow a late/night shift.
* Self-reported use of drugs of abuse within the previous 12 months.
* Pregnancy, lactation (women only)
* Persons who do not have access to either (mobile) phone or internet (this is necessary when being contacted by the study personnel during the study).
* Insufficient communication in the national language.
* Proven or suspected inability, physically or mentally, to comply with the procedures required by the study protocol as evaluated by the daily study manager, site-PI, PI or clinical responsible. This includes volunteers for which insufficient collaboration may be foreseen.
* Subject's general condition contraindicates continuing in the study as evaluated by the daily study manager, site-PI, PI or responsible clinician.
* Simultaneous participation in other relevant clinical intervention studies.
* Previous university or college training related to eating behaviour research.
* Self-reported eating disorders.
* Diagnosed anaemia.
* Diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
* Abnormal G.I. function or structure such as malformation, angiodysplasia, active peptic ulcer.
* Active inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis or other disorder potentially causing malabsorption.
* History of G.I. surgery with permanent effect (i.e. surgical treatment of obesity).
* Medical history of Cardiovascular Disease (e.g. current angina; myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 6 months; heart failure; symptomatic peripheral vascular disease).
* Significant liver disease, e.g. cirrhosis (fatty liver disease allowed).
* Malignancy which is currently active or in remission for less than five years after last treatment (local basal and squamous cell skin cancer allowed).
* Thyroid diseases, except those on Levothyroxine treatment of hypothyroidism if the person has been on a stable dose for at least 3 months.
* Psychiatric illness (e.g. major depression, bipolar disorders).
* Use currently or within the previous 3 months of prescription or over the counter medication that has the potential of affecting appetite, satiety or body weight incl. food supplements. Except: low dose antidepressants if they, in the judgement of the daily study manager, site-PI, PI or clinical responsible, do not affect weight or following the study protocol. Levothyroxine for treatment of hypothyroidism is allowed if the person has been on a stable dose for at least 3 months.
* Cholesterol lowering medication, if the dose has changed during the last 3 months (i.e. the medication is allowed if the participant has been on a stable dose for at least 3 months).
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Navarra

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Liverpool

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Københavns Universitet

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhone-Alpe

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Surrey

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Bioatriki Healthcare Group

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Leeds

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dr Graham Finlayson

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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University of Copenhagen

Copenhagen, , Denmark

Site Status

CRNH-RA

Lyon, , France

Site Status

University of Navarra

Pamplona, , Spain

Site Status

University of Leeds

Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Site Status

University of Liverpool

Liverpool, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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Denmark France Spain United Kingdom

References

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Gibbons C, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Hardman C, Wilton M, Harrold JA, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Hodgkins CE, Nazare JA, Alligier M, Martinez JA, Scott C, Kjolbaek L, Normand M, Rannou C, Blaak EE, Feskens E, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Halford JCG, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G. Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project. BMJ Open. 2022 Dec 23;12(12):e063903. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36564114 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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774293-WP2-P2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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