The Effects of Water-only Fasting and Refeeding on Body Composition

NCT ID: NCT04514146

Last Updated: 2021-10-06

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

48 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-08-15

Study Completion Date

2021-10-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This observational pilot study will assess the effects of water-only fasting on body composition and insulin resistance

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

This pilot study will explore the effects of water-only fasting followed by an exclusively whole-plant-food diet free of added salt, oil, and sugar on body composition with a particular focus on visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The study will also extend a previous study assessing the effects of fasting and refeeding on Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values and markers of cardiovascular health and inflammation by following participants for an additional 6 weeks.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Visceral Obesity Insulin Resistance

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Water-only Fasting Group

Overweight and obese, non-diabetic participants undergoing elective water-only fasting treatment

Water-only fasting

Intervention Type OTHER

In-patient water-only fasting for at least 10 days followed by at least 5 days of refeeding

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Water-only fasting

In-patient water-only fasting for at least 10 days followed by at least 5 days of refeeding

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Any gender
* 40-70 years old
* Fasting plasma glucose \<126mg/dL and/or hemoglobin A1c \<7%
* BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m2
* Elect and qualify for a water-only fast of at least 10 consecutive days
* Provide informed consent
* Internet and computer access
* Able to return for 6-week follow-up visit

Exclusion Criteria

* Active malignancy
* Active inflammatory disorder including classic autoimmune connective tissue (Lupus, Sjogrens, ANCA), multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disorders (Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's)
* Stroke or heart attack within the last 12 months
* Break water-only fast before 10 days with juice or food.
* Break water-only fast after 10 days with juice or food before end-of-fast blood draw occurs.
* Leave center before completing at least 5 days of refeeding
* Unable to lay still on the back for at least 10 min
* Abdominal metal implants
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

TrueNorth Health Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Toshia Myers

Director

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Toshia R Myers, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Director

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Toshia Myers

Santa Rosa, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Ibrahim MM. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev. 2010 Jan;11(1):11-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x. Epub 2009 Jul 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19656312 (View on PubMed)

Tchkonia T, Thomou T, Zhu Y, Karagiannides I, Pothoulakis C, Jensen MD, Kirkland JL. Mechanisms and metabolic implications of regional differences among fat depots. Cell Metab. 2013 May 7;17(5):644-656. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Apr 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23583168 (View on PubMed)

Unamuno X, Gomez-Ambrosi J, Rodriguez A, Becerril S, Fruhbeck G, Catalan V. Adipokine dysregulation and adipose tissue inflammation in human obesity. Eur J Clin Invest. 2018 Sep;48(9):e12997. doi: 10.1111/eci.12997. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29995306 (View on PubMed)

Shuster A, Patlas M, Pinthus JH, Mourtzakis M. The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: a critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. Br J Radiol. 2012 Jan;85(1009):1-10. doi: 10.1259/bjr/38447238. Epub 2011 Sep 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21937614 (View on PubMed)

de Mutsert R, Gast K, Widya R, de Koning E, Jazet I, Lamb H, le Cessie S, de Roos A, Smit J, Rosendaal F, den Heijer M. Associations of Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat with Insulin Resistance and Secretion Differ Between Men and Women: The Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2018 Feb;16(1):54-63. doi: 10.1089/met.2017.0128. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29338526 (View on PubMed)

Patel P, Abate N. Body fat distribution and insulin resistance. Nutrients. 2013 Jun 5;5(6):2019-27. doi: 10.3390/nu5062019.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23739143 (View on PubMed)

Moon HU, Ha KH, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim DJ. The Association of Adiponectin and Visceral Fat with Insulin Resistance and beta-Cell Dysfunction. J Korean Med Sci. 2018 Dec 26;34(1):e7. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e7. eCollection 2019 Jan 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30618514 (View on PubMed)

Gutch M, Kumar S, Razi SM, Gupta KK, Gupta A. Assessment of insulin sensitivity/resistance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan-Feb;19(1):160-4. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.146874.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25593845 (View on PubMed)

Gast KB, Tjeerdema N, Stijnen T, Smit JW, Dekkers OM. Insulin resistance and risk of incident cardiovascular events in adults without diabetes: meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52036. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052036. Epub 2012 Dec 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23300589 (View on PubMed)

Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuniga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018 Aug 31;17(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30170598 (View on PubMed)

King LK, March L, Anandacoomarasamy A. Obesity & osteoarthritis. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(2):185-93.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24056594 (View on PubMed)

Utzschneider KM, Van de Lagemaat A, Faulenbach MV, Goedecke JH, Carr DB, Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE. Insulin resistance is the best predictor of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with a first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Sep;18(9):1781-7. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.77. Epub 2010 Apr 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20379148 (View on PubMed)

Jee SH, Kim HJ, Lee J. Obesity, insulin resistance and cancer risk. Yonsei Med J. 2005 Aug 31;46(4):449-55. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2005.46.4.449.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16127767 (View on PubMed)

Merlotti C, Ceriani V, Morabito A, Pontiroli AE. Subcutaneous fat loss is greater than visceral fat loss with diet and exercise, weight-loss promoting drugs and bariatric surgery: a critical review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 May;41(5):672-682. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.31. Epub 2017 Feb 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28148928 (View on PubMed)

Chaston TB, Dixon JB. Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Apr;32(4):619-28. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803761. Epub 2008 Jan 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18180786 (View on PubMed)

Gomez-Arbelaez D, Bellido D, Castro AI, Ordonez-Mayan L, Carreira J, Galban C, Martinez-Olmos MA, Crujeiras AB, Sajoux I, Casanueva FF. Body Composition Changes After Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in Obesity Evaluated by 3 Standardized Methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Feb 1;102(2):488-498. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2385.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27754807 (View on PubMed)

Freedland ES. Role of a critical visceral adipose tissue threshold (CVATT) in metabolic syndrome: implications for controlling dietary carbohydrates: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2004 Nov 5;1(1):12. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-1-12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15530168 (View on PubMed)

Romano L, Marchetti M, Gualtieri P, Di Renzo L, Belcastro M, De Santis GL, Perrone MA, De Lorenzo A. Effects of a Personalized VLCKD on Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in the Reversal of Diabetes to Prevent Complications. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 4;11(7):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu11071526.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31277506 (View on PubMed)

Liu FX, Flatt SW, Nichols JF, Pakiz B, Barkai HS, Wing DR, Heath DD, Rock CL. Factors Associated with Visceral Fat Loss in Response to a Multifaceted Weight Loss Intervention. J Obes Weight Loss Ther. 2017;7(4):346. doi: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000346. Epub 2017 Aug 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29629240 (View on PubMed)

Johnstone AM. Fasting - the ultimate diet? Obes Rev. 2007 May;8(3):211-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00266.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17444963 (View on PubMed)

Shepherd JA, Ng BK, Sommer MJ, Heymsfield SB. Body composition by DXA. Bone. 2017 Nov;104:101-105. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.010. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28625918 (View on PubMed)

Finnell JS, Saul BC, Goldhamer AC, Myers TR. Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Feb 20;18(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29458369 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

TNHF2020-2VAT

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.