To Increase Psychological Well-being by the Implementation of Forgiveness Education
NCT ID: NCT04403126
Last Updated: 2022-08-04
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
NA
1300 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-09-03
2022-07-31
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
A 12-week forgiveness education program will be investigated in elementary schools in three conflict zones of the world, Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Taiwan. The responsibilities of the sub-team in each of the three research sites will be:
* a. recruiting schools, assisting the teacher training before the forgiveness education program starts
* b. shepherding teachers, doing the fidelity checks, administering the instruments and collecting data during the forgiveness education program.
Once a school gives permission to be part of this study, the forgiveness curriculum will be implemented as a 12-week standard curriculum for the grade 5 (US equivalency) students. Teachers of the grade 5 classes will be trained to administer the program. Teachers, students and their parents must give the consent to take part in the measures of the study.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
The Effects of Forgiveness Education
NCT07076394
Preventing Physical and Emotional Violence by Parents and Teachers in Public Schools in Tanzania (ICC-T/ICC-P_Tanz)
NCT06369025
Anger Management and Violent Behavior in Adolescents
NCT04951271
Peace-Building Interventions for Israeli and Palestinian Youth
NCT02122887
Preventing Violence by Teachers Against Children in Sub-Saharan Africa
NCT04948580
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
In order to assess if such education increases psychological well-being in students (children) and teachers (adults), teachers and students in both groups will receive the same measures for four times in the study: within one week before the 1st forgiveness intervention, within one week after the 1st forgiveness intervention, within one week after the 2nd forgiveness intervention, four weeks after the 2nd forgiveness intervention.
The instruments include: for teachers, the assessment data will consist of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory Short Form (EFI-30), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Anger, Anxiety, and Depression scales, the Ethnic Prejudice Scale, the Herth Hope Index, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a Classroom Cooperation scale, and a Cross-Cultural Exit Interview (written questionnaire). For students, the assessment data will consist of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Children (EFI-C), the PROMIS measures for pediatric self-report (ages 8-17): Anger, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms scales, the Ethnic Prejudice Scale for children, the Children's Hope Scale, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (School Form), and academic achievement (likely to be scores/grades of Math, writing and reading in their own language). After the 2nd forgiveness intervention, select participants (teachers and children) will take part in individual interviews.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
BASIC_SCIENCE
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Forgiveness curriculum for 5th grade
Classrooms randomly assigned to the experimental group will receive the forgiveness intervention. The forgiveness intervention will follow the curriculum - "The Journey Toward Forgiveness -A Guided Curriculum for Children Ages 10-12 (Grade 5 in the US)". The Forgiveness Curriculum Guide consists 14 lessons over 12 weeks. Each class meets weekly for 40 to 60 minutes to complete one lesson (in two of the weeks, there will be two lessons).
forgiveness education intervention
The forgiveness education intervention primarily teaches the concept of forgiveness through stories. We chose the kind of stories that should appeal to children ages 10 through 12. Each lesson is planned according to the following procedure: story-telling/movie-watching, discussion, and in-class activities.
Regular school instruction
Classrooms randomly assigned to the control group will have instruction as usual.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
forgiveness education intervention
The forgiveness education intervention primarily teaches the concept of forgiveness through stories. We chose the kind of stories that should appeal to children ages 10 through 12. Each lesson is planned according to the following procedure: story-telling/movie-watching, discussion, and in-class activities.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* Teachers in 5th grade (US equivalency)
Exclusion Criteria
* Teachers who are in grades other than 5th grade
10 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
Stranmillis University College, Northern Ireland
UNKNOWN
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
OTHER
National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
UNKNOWN
University of Wisconsin, Madison
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Robert W Enright, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Akhtar S, Barlow J. Forgiveness Therapy for the Promotion of Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2018 Jan;19(1):107-122. doi: 10.1177/1524838016637079. Epub 2016 Mar 23.
Wade NG, Hoyt WT, Kidwell JE, Worthington EL. Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions to promote forgiveness: a meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014 Feb;82(1):154-70. doi: 10.1037/a0035268. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
Reed GL, Enright RD. The effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Oct;74(5):920-9. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.920.
Baxter SD, Smith AF, Litaker MS, Baglio ML, Guinn CH, Shaffer NM. Children's Social Desirability and Dietary Reports. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2004 Mar-Apr;36(2):84-9. doi: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60138-3.
Snyder CR, Hoza B, Pelham WE, Rapoff M, Ware L, Danovsky M, Highberger L, Rubinstein H, Stahl KJ. The development and validation of the Children's Hope Scale. J Pediatr Psychol. 1997 Jun;22(3):399-421. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/22.3.399.
Freedman SR, Enright RD. Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Oct;64(5):983-92. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.64.5.983.
Herth K. Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: development and psychometric evaluation. J Adv Nurs. 1992 Oct;17(10):1251-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01843.x.
Enright RD, Santos MJ, Al-Mabuk R. The adolescent as forgiver. J Adolesc. 1989 Mar;12(1):95-110. doi: 10.1016/0140-1971(89)90092-4.
Cattell RB. The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors. Multivariate Behav Res. 1966 Apr 1;1(2):245-76. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10. No abstract available.
CRANDALL VC, CRANDALL VJ, KATKOVSKY W. A CHILDREN'S SOCIAL DESIRABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE. J Consult Psychol. 1965 Feb;29:27-36. doi: 10.1037/h0020966. No abstract available.
CROWNE DP, MARLOWE D. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Psychol. 1960 Aug;24:349-54. doi: 10.1037/h0047358. No abstract available.
HORN JL. A RATIONALE AND TEST FOR THE NUMBER OF FACTORS IN FACTOR ANALYSIS. Psychometrika. 1965 Jun;30:179-85. doi: 10.1007/BF02289447. No abstract available.
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
EDUC/EDUC PSYCH
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
A173000
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
2020-0432
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.