Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Performance in Soccer Players

NCT ID: NCT04078971

Last Updated: 2019-09-06

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 16 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-05-02
• Study Completion Date: 2018-12-15

Brief Summary

A ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach, usually adopted for weight loss, that restricts daily carbohydrates under 30 g/day. KD showed contradictory results on sport performance, whilst no data are available on team sports. The investigators will investigate the influence of a KD on different parameters in soccer players

Detailed Description

Sixteen semi-professional soccer players will be randomly assigned to a ketogenic diet (KD n=8) or to a western diet (WD n=8). Diets contain the same amount of protein (1.8g/Kg body weight/day). Body weight and body composition will be measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), cross sectional area (CSA) and isometric muscle strength of quadriceps, counter movement jump (CMJ) and yoyo intermittent recovery test will be measured.

Conditions

Athletic Performance

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

Ketogenic diet

Ketogenic diet: less than 30 g/day of carbohydrate. Subjects can eat beef, veal, poultry, fish, raw and cooked vegetables without restriction, cold cuts such as dried beef, eggs and seasoned cheese (parmesan), ketogenic pasta (selected with a ketogenic ratio of 4:1), fruits with the lowest glycemic index (blueberry, raspberry), raw nuts and seeds, ghee butter, plant oils and fats from avocado, coconut and olives

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

ketogenic diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

Subjects in this group will follow a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet

Western diet

The western diet (WD) is composed mainly of whole cereals (spelt, rye, oat) and pseudo-cereals (buckwheat, quinoa, amaranth), whole grain pasta, potatoes, meet, fish, vegetables, fruit, legumes, olive oil, milk and red wine (at most 1 glass per day). It ensure a constant energy and macronutrient balance: protein 1.8g x Kg-1 x body weight-1 x day-1, (30%), fats 20-25% and carbohydrate 50-55%.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Western diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

Subjects in this intervention will follow a normal western diet

Interventions

Western diet

Subjects in this intervention will follow a normal western diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

ketogenic diet

Subjects in this group will follow a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• semiprofessional soccer players
• male

Exclusion Criteria

• body fat percentage over 32%, (determined via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA),
• cardiovascular,
• respiratory, gastrointestinal,
• thyroid or any other metabolic diseases,
• weight change more than 2 Kg over the last month,
• adherence to special diets,
• use of nutritional supplements (except a daily multivitamin-mineral)
• use of medication to control blood lipids or glucose and goal-keepers.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 30 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Antonio Paoli

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Antonio Paoli

Professor

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Antonio Paoli, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Padova

Locations

Nutrition and Exercise Lab, DSB, University of Padova

Padua, , Italy

Countries

Italy

References

Rubini A, Bosco G, Lodi A, Cenci L, Parmagnani A, Grimaldi K, Zhongjin Y, Paoli A. Erratum to: Effects of Twenty Days of the Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Subjects. Lung. 2017 Feb;195(1):155. doi: 10.1007/s00408-016-9958-0. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 27803969 (View on PubMed)

Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA. The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2015 Jul;43(3):153-62. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000050.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25906427 (View on PubMed)

Paoli A, Grimaldi K, D'Agostino D, Cenci L, Moro T, Bianco A, Palma A. Ketogenic diet does not affect strength performance in elite artistic gymnasts. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Jul 26;9(1):34. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-34.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 22835211 (View on PubMed)

Antonio Paoli A, Mancin L, Caprio M, Monti E, Narici MV, Cenci L, Piccini F, Pincella M, Grigoletto D, Marcolin G. Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Sep 16;18(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00459-9.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 34530857 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

KDsoccer

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id